Recently, scientists have made new progress in hormone therapy research!

In this paper, I have compiled several research results, and jointly interpreted the new achievements of scientists in hormone therapy research, and shared them with you! Photo source: the BMJ [1] BJU International: exercise can reduce the side effects of hormone therapy for prostate cancer doi: 10.1111/bju.14922 according to a new study by the University of East Anglia, short-term exercise prescriptions for patients with advanced prostate cancer may help reduce the side effects of hormone therapy Researchers at Norfolk and the University Hospital of Norwich (NNUH) and UEA conducted an experiment on patients with side effects due to androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) Fifty patients participated in the study, and half of the participants participated in supervised exercise twice a week for three months at UEA's professional sports science facility The trial was designed to reduce adverse side effects of hormone therapy, such as weight gain and increased risk of heart disease, and assess participants' health three months after the exercise program The results showed that the three-month intervention program of aerobic and resistance training could prevent the adverse changes of heart and lung health in the participants 【2】 JAMA network open: Alert! Prostate cancer hormone therapy may increase the risk of Alzheimer's disease and dementia doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.6562 recently, an international journal JAMA network In the study report on open, scientists from the school of medicine of Pennsylvania State University found that for prostate cancer patients, patients treated with androgen deprivation therapy were more likely to be diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease or dementia than those who did not In this study, a sample of 154098 men from the team of researchers was analyzed 62330 of them received ADT within two years of being diagnosed with prostate cancer, while the other 91759 did not receive ADT Of the patients who received hormone therapy, 13% were later diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease, while 9% of the patients who did not receive treatment People who were later diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease, and for dementia, these numbers may also increase, i.e., 22% of prostate cancer patients who received ADT were later diagnosed with dementia, while 16% of those who did not receive ADT were diagnosed with dementia For dementia, the results of this study are based on a small-scale study conducted by previous researchers, who have found that hormone therapy can cause brain cognitive risk in prostate cancer patients According to Framingham heart research data, for men, the risk of Alzheimer's disease in their lifetime is 12% 【3】 BMJ: long term hormone therapy will increase the risk of Alzheimer's disease in women doi: 10.1136/bmj.l665 recently, a research report published in the international journal BMJ, scientists from Finland found that the long-term use of oral hormone therapy is related to the increased risk of Alzheimer's disease in postmenopausal women Hormone therapy is used to relieve menopausal symptoms such as hot flashes and night sweats Different types of treatment can be used - for example, tablets containing estrogen only, or combinations of estrogen and progestogen, and "transdermal" therapy, such as patches, gels and cream In Finland, 90% of hormone therapy is given orally Some studies have shown that postmenopausal hormone therapy can prevent Alzheimer's disease, but a recent clinical trial failed to confirm this benefit, which in fact means that users of hormone therapy have an increased risk of dementia So to better understand this possible link, researchers led by Tomi Mikkola of the University of Helsinki began comparing the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease and non Alzheimer's disease in postmenopausal women using hormone therapy 【4】 Menopause: hormone therapy contributes to the treatment of knee osteoarthritis doi: 10.1097/gme.0000000000001280 the relationship between knee osteoarthritis and hormone therapy (HT) has been debated A new large-scale study from South Korea shows that the prevalence of symptomatic knee osteoarthritis in women receiving HT is significantly lower than that in women not taking hormones The results were published online by the North American Menopause Society (NAMS) Osteoarthritis is the most common musculoskeletal disease in the elderly, and is the main cause of pain and physical disability Because of the degenerative changes in joints, it affects more women than men, and its incidence rate is particularly high in menopause Because estrogen has anti-inflammatory effect at high concentration, it is assumed that the change of female hormone, especially the decrease of estrogen level, may lead to the increase of osteoarthritis after menopause Some small studies have shown that HT can not only reduce the histological changes of cartilage in osteoarthritis, but also reduce chronic pain However, so far, no large-scale study has examined symptomatic knee osteoarthritis and HT The latest Korean study is based on data from nearly 4800 postmenopausal women The conclusion is that the prevalence of knee osteoarthritis in HT users is significantly lower than that in non HT users However, the authors do point to the need for additional studies to adjust for other variables such as age and body mass index [5] Diabetes: estrogen can be used to treat type II diabetes mellitus Recently, the results of the research led by Texas A & M University provide insights into the mechanisms of estrogen lowering insulin resistance and glucose production, with a view to reducing the incidence rate of type 2 diabetes mellitus "Doi:10.2337/db18-0638" The study was published in the recent journal Diabetes In this study, we investigated the role of estrogen in controlling glucose homeostasis, which has a profound impact on our understanding of obesity and diabetes and potential dietary interventions, "the authors said Recent studies on the incidence rate of type 2 diabetes show that there are gender related differences, especially in premenopausal women Clinical and animal studies show that there is a strong correlation between estrogen deficiency and metabolic dysfunction "In general, glucose homeostasis is maintained by glucose uptake in muscle and adipose tissue and glucose production in the liver," he explained "However, studies have shown that the reduction of estrogen in postmenopausal women has accelerated the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes Photo source: sagaciousnewsnetwork.com [6] The Lancet HIV: hormone injection can alleviate the deterioration of liver disease in HIV carriers doi: 10.1016/s2352-3018 (19) 30338-8 Recently, researchers from the Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) in Boston and NIH reported that injection of the hormone "tisamoline" can reduce liver fat and prevent liver fibrosis (scar formation) in HIV infected people The results were published in the lancet HIV journal Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) often exists with HIV In developed countries, 25% of HIV infected people suffer from NAFLD at the same time, which is a risk factor for liver deterioration and liver cancer However, there is no effective treatment for the disease, The project, led by Dr Colleen M hadigan, senior research physician of the immune regulation Laboratory of NIAID, and Dr Steven K Grinspoon, director of metabolism Department of MGH, tested whether desamoline could reduce the occurrence of liver fat and NAFLD in HIV carriers Of the participants, 43% had at least mild fibrosis, while 33% met the criteria for the diagnosis of NAFLD, a more severe form of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) Participants were randomly assigned to two groups, 31 of whom received 2 mg of tisamoline per day, and 30 of whom received a placebo with the same appearance After that, the researchers compared the liver health of the two groups at baseline and 12 months after treatment 【7】 Aging cell: growth hormone can reverse aging doi: 10.1111/acel.13028 a research team affiliated to several institutions in the United States and a Canadian institution found that there is evidence that recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) can reverse the epigenetic aging of human, published in aging In a paper in the journal Cell, the researchers described how they revealed the effect of rhGH on the thymus The researchers report that their interest in the effects of rhGH on the thymus began in 1986 with a report describing a study that showed that injecting rats with rhGH enhanced their immune system Gregory fany, one of the team members, tested the idea back in the 1990s and found that it seemed to rejuvenate his thymus and strengthen his immune system Thymus is a gland in the chest, which transforms white blood cells into T cells, so it plays an important role in immune response Unfortunately, with the increase of human age and the decrease of growth hormone, fat deposition will form in the thymus, resulting in a weakened immune response In this new study, researchers hope to better understand what happens to the thymus and immune system if people take rhGH To find out, they recruited nine white male volunteers to participate in their study 【8】 Menopause: vitamin D and estrogen may help effectively resist the occurrence of heart disease, stroke and diabetes doi: 10.1097/gme.0000000000001370 Now researchers have confirmed that vitamin D and estrogen can improve women's bone health Recently, in a research report published in the international journal menopause, scientists from institutions such as Sun Yat sen University found that the same combination (vitamin D and estrogen combination) can help inhibit metabolic syndrome (me) Metabolic syndrome increases the risk of heart disease, stroke and diabetes in postmenopausal women Nowadays, metabolic syndrome has become a major public health problem faced by the global population It affects the health of 30% - 60% of postmenopausal women With the growth of women's age, it leads to the development of abdominal obesity and heart disease of metabolic syndrome The significant increase, which seems to be directly related to the loss of estrogen in postmenopausal women, often leads some researchers to suggest that postmenopausal women less than 6 years use estrogen as a means of preventing heart disease 【9】 Nat Med: Iris hormone may be able to effectively slow down the progress of Alzheimer's disease doi: 10.1038/s41591-018-0275-4 recently, a research report published in the international journal Nature Medicine, scientists from Queen's University and other institutions identified a hormone related to exercise through research, which may help effectively slow down the progress of Alzheimer's disease Researchers say that irisin is a kind of body hormone produced by exercise, which plays a key role in brain function Patients with Alzheimer's disease have a low level of irisin The results of this study may help researchers to further study and develop a drug to reproduce the effect of motion-induced irisin in the brain Dr de Felice said that in the past many years, scientists from all over the world have found