Recent progress in the field of intestinal microorganisms!

Recommended meeting of editor: in the 2019 Development Forum of clinical mass spectrometry and high-end medical testing, editor collated the recent achievements of scientists in the field of intestinal microbiological research and shared them with you! Photo source: emptycagesdesign.org [1] NAT Microbiol: intestinal microorganisms regulate norovirus infection process doi: 10.1038/s41564-019-0602-7 highly infectious norovirus can cause diarrhea and vomiting, and is notorious for its rapid spread in densely populated spaces Each year, the virus kills about 200000 people, most of them in developing countries However, there is no treatment for this enterovirus Recently, a new study led by scientists at Washington University School of medicine in St Louis shows that the severity of norovirus infection can be suppressed or increased depending on the location of the virus in the gut The results are published in the journal Nature microbiology, or provide a new way for the treatment of norovirus infection Norovirus is easily transmitted from feces to mouth and is particularly dangerous in young children, the elderly and people with impaired immune systems, the researchers said We are trying to understand how intestinal microorganisms interact with norovirus in order to seek new therapeutic strategies 【2】 PNAs: intestinal microbiological disorders lead to the occurrence of colorectal cancer doi: 10.1073/pnas.1912129116 recently, a study from the Department of Microbiology of Coll è Ge University in France showed that imbalance of intestinal flora can promote the occurrence of colorectal cancer The authors found that transplantation of faecal flora from colon cancer patients to mice would cause pathological changes and epigenetic changes in the development of malignant tumors The results were published in PNAS Sporadic colorectal cancer is caused by complex interactions between individuals and their environment In an adverse environment, it can trigger the genetic and epigenetic DNA changes of host cells, thus promoting the onset of sporadic colorectal cancer; previous studies have investigated the role of microbiota as a mediator of these interactions Based on the results of the study in mice, it is suggested that the epigenetic mechanism triggered by some bacteria in the microbiota may contribute to the occurrence or deterioration of sporadic colorectal cancer They then tested their findings in humans 【3】 PLoS One: new research reveals the relationship between intestinal microorganisms and intestinal diseases doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224454 recently, a study from the Veterinary College of Texas A & M University provided new insights on how intestinal bacteria in dogs affect gastrointestinal health, which may help to develop new therapies for two gastrointestinal diseases The results were published in PLoS One, in which the researchers measured the levels of fecal lactic acid and secondary bile acid (BA), the metabolites of bacteria in dog feces The concentrations of lactic acid and BA in the feces, which are produced by bacteria, can help researchers understand the activity of bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract The differences in the contents of these substances in the diseased and healthy hosts can help researchers understand the different behavior characteristics of GI bacteria in the diseased and healthy environment, and how GI bacteria interact with different diseases 【4】 JCI insight: are there intestinal microbes in the fetus? Doi: 10.1172/jci.insight.127806 recently, a study on human and mouse showed that as early as the embryonic period, the fetus has its own intestinal microbial community, and plays an important role in the immune system and metabolism The researchers also confirmed that the microbiome in the fetus came from the mother These findings provide the possibility for intervention during pregnancy to stimulate the formation of fetal microbiome, thereby helping offspring develop their immune system better and resist early infection, the study was published in the journal JCI insight Our study provides evidence that complex microbiomes can be spread from mother to fetus, the researchers said Unlike other studies that only rely on the next generation of DNA sequencing, we have verified the sequencing results through microscopy and culture technology, thus solving the decades long dispute about whether there is a microbiome in the fetus Now, we can find ways to promote the development of the fetal immune system by stimulating the mother's microbiome for metabolism Our results show that it is feasible to prevent future diseases through early intervention 【5】 Cell host microbe: new research reveals the impact of "westernized life" on intestinal microflora doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2019.08.018 intestinal microflora is a delicate ecosystem, which is composed of billions of microorganisms (especially bacteria) These microbes support our immune system, protect us from viruses and pathogens, and help us absorb nutrients and generate energy A recent study on the intestinal bacteria of Iceman showed that the industrialization process in western countries had a great impact on the composition of intestinal microorganisms "Otzi Iceman" was first connected with Austria from Italy in 1991? Dug in the ice of the tztal Alps Eurac research scientists examined bacteria in the intestines of these ancient human samples, and researchers at the University of Trento combined genome analysis of intestinal microbes from more than 6500 people on all continents Photo source: blacklistednews.com [6] cell: new discovery! Intestinal flora may help inhibit or even treat human rotavirus infection! Doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.09.028 recently, scientists from Georgia State University found that the presence of special microflora in the digestive tract can help inhibit and treat rotavirus infection Rotavirus is a major pathogen that causes severe fatal diarrhea in children Relevant research was published in the international journal Cell In this paper, the researchers explain the molecular mechanism of rotavirus causing severe fatal diseases in some populations, and the relevant research results may help to develop treatment and preventive strategies for rotavirus infection In addition to fluid supplement to avoid dehydration, there is no effective treatment for rotavirus infection Rotavirus is a highly infectious virus, which can cause severe diarrhea, vomiting, fever, abdominal pain and even death Rotavirus infection usually occurs because of direct contact with patients or exposure to patients' faeces Infants and young children are susceptible to rotavirus infection According to CDC data in the United States, rotavirus can cause about 215000 deaths among children aged 5 and over 【7】 PNAs: to reveal the molecular mechanism of the negative effect of intestinal flora on blood glucose level doi: 10.1073/pnas.1909311116 millions of people around the world are experiencing diabetes Recently, scientists from Flinders University and other institutions revealed the molecular mechanism of intestinal flora affecting serotonin and thus negatively affecting blood glucose level through research Relevant research results were published in the international journal PNAS Serotonin is a neurotransmitter in the brain Scientists call it "happiness hormone" Normally, serotonin can regulate the sleep and metabolism of the body, but the gut can actually produce 95% of serotonin, and these serotonin are not the happy forms we know in the brain In this paper, the researchers revealed how gut microbiome interacts with serotonin producing cells to affect blood glucose levels in the host organism 【8】 In a new study, researchers from the Southwest Medical Center of the University of Texas found that microorganisms in the small intestine of mice participate in the circadian rhythm In the article, the researchers describe the research on histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) in mice and what they have learned from it Most people have circadian rhythms - metabolic clocks that control processes such as eating and sleeping The most common circadian cycle is sleep control, but scientists have found that there are many circadian rhythms that control different biological systems Past studies have shown that if one of the circadian rhythms becomes abnormal, people may encounter health problems For example, shift workers who change their working hours are more likely to gain weight, suffer from high blood pressure and diabetes The way circadian rhythms work remains a mystery, so in this new study, the researchers speculated whether gut biomes might be involved in regulating the circadian clock in the gut, and thus indirectly in weight gain 【9】 Nat Microbiol: does eating cooked food change gut microbes? Doi: 10.1038/s41564-019-0569-4 scientists from the University of California, San Francisco and Harvard University have shown for the first time that cooking food has fundamentally changed the composition of human microbiome This discovery is of great significance for optimizing our microbial health and understanding how cooking has changed our microbial evolution In recent years, scientists have found that many aspects of human health, from chronic inflammation to weight gain, are strongly influenced by the microbiome ecology living in our bodies In this regard, researchers from UCSF and other institutions are trying to better understand how our environment and behavior can improve human health by shaping a healthier microbial community Researchers said that we and other laboratories have previously studied how different dietary habits, such as vegetarian and meat diets, affect the microbiome However, no one has studied how cooking itself changes the composition of microbial ecosystems in the gut 【10】 Nature: different modes of delivery can affect the composition of infant intestinal microbes! Doi: 10.1038/s41586-019-1560-1 recently, in an article published in the journal Nature, researchers from Wellcome Sanger Institute and other institutions found that compared with vagina born babies, most intestinal bacteria can be obtained from their mothers, while babies born by caesarean section can not get this "gift" Although the exact role of intestinal bacteria in infants is not known, it is not clear whether differences in the composition of these intestinal bacteria will have an impact on future health But the findings provide a new perspective for people who are concerned about newborn health The researchers found that the differences between intestinal bacteria in vaginal delivery and caesarean delivery disappeared at the age of one year However, a large number of follow-up studies are needed to determine whether the differences in early bacterial composition will affect the health of later development (Bio Valley bio Com) Bio Valley more wonderful inventory! Coming soon!