Rational thinking of soybean industry development (12.6)

OA show ('918 '); economic daily, December 4, 2000: has China's soybean industry entered the golden season? Many people answered yes But in fact, from the current situation of the development of soybean industry, there is still a potential crisis Since last year, the Institute of agriculture and economics of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and the European Union have jointly studied the soybean industry in China Recently, they have come to the conclusion that from the perspective of production, the position of soybean in food production has declined significantly In 1998, China's soybean production was only 50.8% higher than that in 1957, while the grain production in the same period was 3.41 times higher In terms of processing, the scale of processing enterprises is too small In 1998, there were more than 6000 oil plants in China, the annual processing capacity was only 50 million tons, and the average annual processing capacity of each enterprise was less than 10000 tons Therefore, the overall development situation of soybean industry is not optimistic If effective measures are not taken in recent years, the situation may worsen Is the quality of domestic soybeans inferior to that of foreign soybeans? Experts from the Academy of Agricultural Sciences said, "that's a bad word." Generally speaking, the main reason for the low efficiency of China's soybean processing industry is the problem of processing materials, that is, the problem of soybean quality But the specific analysis shows that the problem is not soybean itself, but the way of purchase and sales At present, the protein or oil content of the main soybean varieties in China is higher than that in foreign countries, and the oil content is 1% - 2% higher than that in foreign countries However, the test results of domestic soybean sold in the market are much lower than that in foreign countries Why is this happening? The problem is acquisition At the time of purchase, no matter the variety, mixed loading and transportation, the high oil content and high protein content are mixed together, which do not show their own characteristics, and finally stink The key of processing is to realize industrialization The scale of industrialization of China's soybean finishing is not large, and there are many low-level repeated construction, but not backward technology Jiang Haokui, deputy director of plant protein Committee of China Food Industry Association and soybean research expert, said that the method of special active enzyme extraction was adopted in China As early as 1995, soybean protein isolate was successfully proposed from soybean The extraction rate was as high as 45%, 10% higher than that of the United States, Japan and other countries The protein content of soybean protein isolate is 93%, 3-5% higher than that of the previous countries Foreign protein isolates can only be used as meat additives, while the products separated by domestic enterprises such as Tianju group in Heilongjiang Province can be used directly, and whey protein and soybean oligosaccharide with high nutritional value and high price are extracted for the first time in the waste liquid after extracting soybean protein isolates These technologies have laid a good foundation for our country to occupy a leading position in the field of soybean processing It is of great significance to develop soybean finishing industry rapidly How can we deal with the approaching step of entering WTO? Relevant experts pointed out: first, we should adopt the "green box policy": increase investment in scientific research and infrastructure construction, strengthen food security reserves, crop insurance and other measures to support the healthy development of China's soybean industry Second, we should speed up the development of soybean finishing industry Through the scale up to grade, to achieve the value-added foreign exchange of soybeans Third, the proportion of imported products, such as soybean, soybean meal and soybean oil, should be adjusted appropriately The way of "more soybean but less meal and oil" can be adopted to give the domestic processing industry a respite Fourth, we should refuse to import genetically modified soybeans from foreign countries, or learn from the practices of the European Union, and implement the "labeling system" to give consumers the right to know and choose.