Protein and Cell: Revealing the basis of blood immunology for high disease-causing rates in older adults.

Aging is closely related to an increase in the incidence of diseases caused by a range of tissue dysfunctions.
in the natural aging process of the body's inflammatory response state chronically elevated phenomenon, known as "inflammatory aging", is a common cause of age-related immune imbalance.
changes in immunology during natural aging usually manifest themsies as changes in the composition of multiple immune cells and decreased immune function.
recent studies have shown a significant increase in morbidity, critical risk and mortality of new coronary pneumonia (COVID-19) in older groups compared to younger groups.
however, there is a lack of overall systematic understanding of changes in blood immune cells and age.
, it is not clear how aging-induced immune system disorders cause increased COVID-19 morbidity and mortality.
August 11, 2020, Sun Yat-sen University Sun Yat-sen Eye Center Su Wenru Research Group, Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Zoology Liu Guanghui Research Group, Second Military Medical University National Liver Cancer Center Wang Hongyang Research Group and the Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Zoology Qu Jing Research Group published a paper entitled A human communication immune landscape in and COVID-19 in the journal Protein and Cell.
The study established for the first time the high-pass volume of human-related aging perigid blood immune cells through single-cell transcription group sequencing (scRNA-seq), fluid mass spectrometry (CyTOF) analysis, and open access to single-cell chromatin (scATAC-seq) in young, elderly and healthy populations and coviD-19 patients. Single-celled multi-histology map, and systematically described the aging-related blood immune cell diastoidation, transcription level and chromatosis level changes, revealed the incidence of COVID-19 in the elderly population increased and the prognosis of worse immune cell state change mechanism, in order to understand the risk of COVID-19 patients in the elderly population and the development of new treatment methods for coronary pneumonia provide important ideas. The
study, which combined scRNA-seq, CyTOF, and scATAC-seq, compared changes in diastoids, transcription levels, and chromosin accessability levels of immune cells in the outer blood of young and elderly healthy subjects and COVID-19 patients. The
researchers found that as we age, the blood immune cell map changes, characterized by an increase in T-cells from naive and memory cells to effective, cytotoxic, depleted, and regulatory cells, advanced NK cells, inflammatory monocytes, and age-related B-cells (ABC).
researchers further mapped changes in cell line lines during aging, as well as between sub-groups, in transcription levels and chromatography accessability.
addition, the study also revealed immunological characteristics of age-related thyroid cells, characterized by high expression of IFN stimulation genes and reduced antigen delivery.
further analysis of single-celled TCR and BCR showed that as we age, the effective T cells, cytotoxic T cells, the depleted T-cell sub-groups, and the ABC sub-groups showed decreased diversity and increased cloning.
In addition, in combination with COVID-19 patient samples, the study found that aging led to significant increases in molecular expression of new coronary virus-related receptors, such as BSG (encoded CD147 protein), DPP4 (encoded CD26 protein), ITGB1, NFATC1, PPIB, and ANPEP, and that elevated susceptible genes in the natural aging process may be one of the important reasons for the increase in new coronary virus infection rates in older populations.
immune system disorders, such as lymphocytic reduction and inflammatory storms, are closely related to the severity of COVID-19.
study found that aging led to a significant decrease in the proportion of T-cells, especially in sub-groups, while the ratio of mononucleocytes and increased inflammatory gene expression increased.
this may induce a decrease in the threshold for "lymphoblastic reduction" and "inflammatory storms" in older patients, leading to a significant increase in the risk and mortality of COVID-19 in older patients.
, the immune system disorder in the elderly population may be one of the important nodes that cause the high morbidity and mortality rate of COVID-19 in old age.
the study showed blood immunological characteristics of aging and COVID-19 at the single-cell level for the first time.
The results of this research not only expand people's understanding of the basis of aging immunology, but also deepen people's understanding of the mechanism of morbidity and mortality increase in the elderly population of COVID-19 patients, and open up ideas for the study of aging and COVID-19 translational medicine.
It is reported that Sun Yat-sen University Zhongshan Eye Center Professor Su Wenru, Liu Guanghui Researcher of the Institute of Zoology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wang Hongyang, Member of the National Hepatology Science Center of the Second Military Medical University and Qu Jing Researcher of the Institute of Zoology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, are co-authors of the communication.
Professor Zheng Yingfeng of Zhongshan Eye Center, Zhongshan University, Master's Student Liu Xiuxing, Director of Le Wenqing, Hankou Hospital, Wuhan City, Master's Student Xie Lihui of Zhongshan Eye Center, Doctoral Student Li He, Associate Researcher of the National Hepatology Science Center of the Second Military Medical University, and Associate Researcher Wang Si of the Institute of Zoology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences are co-authors.
research was supported by Professor Xiao Chuanle of Zhongshan Eye Center of Zhongshan University, Researcher Zhang Weixuan of the Beijing Genomics Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Researcher Song Mo-ming of the Institute of Zoology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Professor Han Jingdong of Peking University.
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