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Interspecific interactions and subsurface feedback mechanisms of forest succession processes are key scientific questions that need to be solved urgently in restoration ecology, but so far they are poorly
understood.
Generally speaking, the natural restoration process of subalpine forest generally goes through three stages: grassland, shrubland and mixed coniferous forest, among which the successful settlement of saplings in the late succession stage is the decisive link
in the transition to the apex ecosystem.
Field observations suggest that saplings in forest and shrubland soils have significantly higher survival rates than grasslands, attributing this phenomenon to light, temperature, water, soil nutrients, and interspecific resource competition
.
However, in addition to the regulation of environmental factors and the direct impact of plants → seedlings, previous studies have ignored the indirect pathway
of plants → soil microorganisms → seedlings.
So we are based on plants? The soil feedback perspective raises scientific questions: Do plant-derived soil microbes at each succession stage of the forest have differentiated feedback effects on saplings?
In this experiment, plants (3 herbaceous species, 2 shrub species and 4 species of shrubs) in alpine forests in western Sichuan were collected (3 herbaceous species, 2 shrub species and 4 species of shrubs Arbor) root surrounding the soil, as soil microorganisms of different origin (dominated by fungal communities) inoculated into the soil to eliminate the influence of
soil physicochemical properties.
Seedlings of spruce, Minjiang fir, white birch and red birch were planted in mixed soil, and the biomass of seedlings was harvested after indoor cultivation, the feedback intensity was calculated, and high-throughput sequencing technology was used to compare the fungal community composition of different soil samples and analyze the
regulatory mechanism.
Figure 1 Plants? Soil feedback potting experiment design ideas
The results showed that: 1) the herbaceous soil contained high abundance of pathogenic fungi in the pre-succession period, which significantly inhibited the growth of all saplings and produced negative feedback; 2) A large number of ectomycorrhizal fungi accumulated in the soil of shrubs in the middle and late successional trees, which promoted the growth of slow-growing saplings such as spruce and Minjiang fir, and mediated a strong positive feedback effect; 3) Different from conifers, red birch broadleaf seedlings do not rely on ectomycorrhizal fungi, but grow better in medium-term shrub soil, and their biomass is significantly negatively correlated with pathogenic fungal abundance, and are more susceptible to pathogenic bacteria.
4) The performance of birch seedlings in the middle and late stages of soil is weaker than that of the early soil, and its growth is mainly subject to the decomposition
of soil organic matter by saprophytic fungi.
In nutrient-restricted subalpine forests, this study further confirmed the importance of ectomycorrhizal fungi in nutrient supply and pathogen resistance of coniferous seedlings, and inoculation of mycorrhizal fungi in soil at the beginning of forest succession was expected to improve the settlement success rate
of coniferous seedlings.
In addition, the feedback effect of closely related broadleaf tree species can be driven by different functional microbial groups, and more attention should be paid to disease control and the important role of saprophytic fungi in nutrient transformation to support the rapid growth
of broadleaf seedlings.
In summary, species differentiated plants? The feedback effect of soil microorganisms was closely related
to the life history strategy of saplings and the specificity of fungal hosts.
Figure 2: Sapling biomass and feedback intensity in soil at different succession stages in subalpine forest
Fig.
3: Changes in the abundance of soil fungal functional taxa and their feedback effect on the growth of seedlings
The results, titled "Functional shifts in soil fungal communities regulate differential tree species establishment during subalpine forest succession," were published in Science of the Total Environment
。 Professor Liu Qing is the corresponding author, Associate Professor Zhao Wenqiang and PhD student Wang Xiaohu are the co-first authors
.
This research was supported
by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31870607, 41930645) and the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (2019363, 2021371).
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