Professor Wang Jingfeng of Ocean University of China, et al.: Antarctic krill oil, fish oil and arachidonic acid oil on osteoporosis

Osteoporosis is a common bone imbalance that manifests as bone loss, damage to bone microstructures, and increased bone marrow fat
.
Clinical data show that osteoporosis is closely related to lipid metabolism disorders in the body
.
In postmenopausal women, bone mineral density was significantly negatively correlated with total cholesterol and LDL levels.
And a large number of studies have shown that patients with osteopenia have higher bone marrow fat content than healthy people
.
Bone marrow is the only tissue where fat cells and bone cells directly interact, and bone marrow adipose tissue is located in the bone marrow cavity, accounting for more than 10% of total fat in healthy adults, and plays an important role
in aging, osteoporosis, diabetes and many other diseases.

Xiaolin Bai, Yuying Bo, Jingfeng Wang*, etc.
from the School of Food Science and Engineering of Ocean University of China used the most common n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) supplements on the market, fish oil (FO) rich in ethyl ester DHA and EPA, and Antarctic krill oil (AKO) rich in phospholipid DHA and EPA.
The effects of two different molecular forms of DHA, EPA and arachidonic acid on osteoporotic lipid metabolism were explored by using the most representative n-6 PUFA arachidonic acid oil (AAO) as a control, aiming to provide theoretical guidance
for the diet of osteoporosis patients.

1.
Effects of AKO, FO and AAO on body mass and white fat mass of OVX model mice

As shown in Figure 1, compared with the Sham group, the body weight increase of mice in the OVX group was significantly increased (P<0.
01), and the mass mass of white fat in the abdominal cavity to body fat ratio was also very significantly increased (P<0.
01).
<b10> Compared with the OVX group, after the intervention of AKO and FO, the body weight increase of mice was significantly reduced, and the mass and body fat ratio of white adipose tissue were significantly reduced.
In the gavage AAO group, the body weight increase increased by 18.
74%, and the white fat mass and body fat ratio did not change
significantly.
The results showed that both n-3 PUFAs could significantly inhibit the accumulation of fat in osteoporosis mice with ovarian osteoporosis, improve postmenopausal obesity, and the effect of AKO was better than that of FO.
The n-6 PUFA AAO does not have this effect
.

2.
Effects of AKO, FO and AAO on bone strength in OVX model mice

As shown in Figure 2A, compared to the Sham group, the bone density of mice in the OVX group was significantly reduced (P<0.
05).
<b10> Compared with the OVX group, after the intervention of AKO and FO, the bone density of mice increased to varying degrees, with an increase of 7.
14% (P<0.
01) in the AKO group and 2.
78% (P<0.
05) in the FO group, and a significant decrease in bone density (P<0.
01)<b11> after AAO gavage.
At the same time, Figure 2B showed that compared with the OVX group, after AKO and FO intervention, the biomechanical properties of mouse bones were improved to varying degrees, and the fracture breaking force increased, indicating that the ability to resist fracture fracture was enhanced, while AAO intervention showed the opposite effect
.
The results showed that both n-3 PUFA could improve bone strength and biomechanical properties of ovary-removed mice, and the AKO effect was better than that of FO.
N-6 PUFA AAO reduced bone density and bone biomechanical properties
in OVX mice.

3.
Effects of AKO, FO and AAO on bone tissue morphology of OVX model mice