Problems in the import and export trade of aquatic products in China

Introduction: first, the degree of internationalization of aquatic products trade is not high At present, the total output of aquatic products in the world has reached 122 million tons, of which 37% - 40% has entered the international trade However, although the total output of aquatic products in China accounts for 35% of the world's, only 6% - 8% of the aquatic products enter the international trade, which is much lower than the international level 2 The market is relatively concentrated, and the export market of main varieties is single Although China's export of aquatic products is gradually moving towards market diversification, Japan, the United States, the European Union, South Korea, Hong Kong, China and other countries and regions are still the main target markets for China's export of aquatic products In 2000, China's aquatic products exported to the above five markets accounted for 90% of China's total aquatic products exports in terms of quantity and 94% of China's aquatic products exports in terms of amount The over concentration of export market has seriously affected the export efficiency of aquatic products in China For example, more than 90% of baked eels produced in China are exported to the Japanese market every year Due to the over concentration of the market and Japan's economic downturn in recent years, the average unit price of baked eel exported from China to Japan dropped from 2267 yen per kilogram in 1996 to 1263 yen per kilogram in 2000 In 2000, China exported nearly 70000 tons of roasted eel to Japan, which actually earned US $750 million in foreign exchange However, if we calculate the export unit price in 1996, we can reduce the export of eel and earn about 600 million US dollars 3 The slow promotion of aquatic product quality assurance system affects the export of aquatic products in China China's main export markets, the United States, the European Union and Canada, have successively legislated in China, including the aquatic product quality assurance system (HACCP) into their domestic legal system, forcing the implementation of the HACCP quality assurance plan in aquatic product enterprises The law requires that all aquatic products processing enterprises exporting to the United States, the European Union and Canada must implement the HACCP plan It brings a lot of difficulties to the export of aquatic products At present, there are only 250 aquatic products processing enterprises in China that implement HACCP plan, of which only more than 120 enterprises have obtained the qualification of exporting to EU, and more enterprises are blocked out of the ranks of exporting enterprises Fourth, non-tariff trade barriers are increasingly threatening China's foreign trade According to the information of WTO Secretariat, China is the biggest victim of WTO anti-dumping and countervailing agreements Up to now, there have been 422 anti-dumping and countervailing cases against China from 26 countries in the world, involving more than 1000 kinds of export commodities Every year, China loses more than 10 billion US dollars here In 1996, the United States imposed an anti-dumping duty of 260%, which made China lose a major export market of freshwater crawfish Recently, Japan's emergency restrictions on the export of eels and Undaria were aborted for various reasons In addition, the international community is paying more and more attention to trade and environmental issues, and the issue of ecological labeling will become another potential non-tariff barrier, which should be highly valued by us 5 The development of information consultation system is backward, and the international trade of aquatic products lacks timely and reliable dynamic information guarantee of international market Foreign information consultation system is relatively developed, while China is relatively backward in this respect FAO, as the competent department of Fisheries of the United Nations, has established a global information advisory service system for fisheries trade since 1976 FAO assisted governments in establishing five fishery trade information consulting institutions in the Asia Pacific region (INFOFISH), Latin American countries (infopesca), Europe (eurofish), Europe (infopeche) and the Middle East (infosamak), which played a huge role in each region In 1997, FAO assisted the Chinese government to establish China's fishery trade information consulting center (infoyu) The establishment of the center has played a positive role in the import and export of aquatic products in China However, due to the lack of funds and small scale, its function is far from the relevant level of other countries or regions 6 The import and export organization of aquatic products is relatively low There are many kinds of import and export products in China, and more and more cross industry and cross sector export enterprises are engaged in the import and export business of aquatic products This phenomenon is manifested in the international trade of aquatic products, which is to take competitive price reduction on an export variety to achieve the purpose of export This is well illustrated by the continuous decline of China's export comprehensive unit price over the years The backward organizational management of the industry is one of the reasons for the disordered import and export of aquatic products in China What's more, it's difficult for backward industry management to win the international trade war of aquatic products in the future, especially when China is faced with foreign anti-dumping, anti subsidy and so-called urgent import restriction measures, the organization and coordination of the industry is particularly important (author:) share to feed Weibo share to: