Problems and Countermeasures of sustainable development of animal husbandry in China

Introduction: 1.1 environmental pollution and drug residues are serious In recent years, China's animal husbandry has developed rapidly, but at the same time, the pollution to the environment is more and more serious Industrial animal husbandry is more harmful to the environment Livestock manure, sewage and processing waste from animal farms and animal products processing plants, harmful gases and odors from animal farms, and feed processing dust all pollute the air, water, soil, food and other environmental factors, thus causing various hazards to human and animal health, natural environment and animal production Harm In addition, drug residues in animal products are serious, which has become an important aspect of animal husbandry pollution 1.2 natural resources are increasingly scarce Animal husbandry is closely related to natural resources Although animal husbandry does not form a production system directly with land, water and other natural resources as planting does, animal husbandry is the second production based on the first production of planting Without the first production to provide forage and raw grain for animal husbandry, there can be no animal husbandry production At present, the situation of natural resources in our country is not optimistic The natural resources are increasingly in short supply, and the utilization rate is low The utilization mode is extensive and backward, the waste is serious, and the damage is even more serious The phenomenon of fishing with all the resources is widespread 1.3, science and technology promotion is not enough At present, there are still some problems in science and technology: lack of research and promotion of technology, lack of deep utilization of livestock breeding technology and animal husbandry resources, and lack of integration of biotechnology and engineering technology The essence of China's traditional animal husbandry is not integrated with modern foreign technology In addition, there is still a lack of basic research, and the conversion rate of scientific and technological achievements has been low At present, the average conversion rate of scientific and technological achievements in China is only 30% - 40%, and the average conversion rate of award-winning achievements is 53.5% Generally, the quality of agricultural and animal husbandry workers in China is low, which makes it difficult to promote some new technologies smoothly 1.4 the shortage of raw feed grain since the 1990s, China's animal husbandry has been developing rapidly, the feed grain has also increased significantly, the direct ration of grain for people has declined, more and more new grain has been used as feed, feed grain has become the main food consumption field in China; At the same time, because of the continuous growth of the population and the continuous increase of the population's grain consumption, the grain consumption of our country has changed from "people and livestock share grain" to "people and livestock compete for grain", especially the supply gap of feed raw grain such as corn and soybean is large 1.5 the structure of animal products is not reasonable At present, the animal husbandry which relies on the traditional way of raising to manage one household is still common in many places They are self decision-making and independent in project investment, product management, market development and other aspects They cannot arrange production according to the market demand The products are single, lack of characteristics, weak sales force, and weak market competitiveness As a result, the contradiction between the disordered and unlimited production and the orderly and limited market cannot be solved coordinately, which makes the development of animal husbandry difficult 1.6 the development of deep processing of animal products lags behind in recent years With the rapid development of animal husbandry in China, the processing industry of animal products in China has made great progress However, there are relatively few processing enterprises focusing on the deep processing of livestock products and their development lags behind Many enterprises still focus on the production and sale of primary products, lack of value-added means of deep processing of livestock products, short industrial chain, low added value of products, poor economic benefits of enterprises Some enterprises are basically operating at a low profit or loss, and are unable to improve production conditions, which not only results in the increase of farmers' production The situation of no increase in income has affected the further development of animal husbandry in China 2 Countermeasures 2.1 actively develop ecological animal husbandry Ecological animal husbandry is based on the principles of ecosystem ecology, food chain, material recycling and regeneration, and material symbiosis It adopts systematic engineering methods and absorbs the achievements of modern science and technology It focuses on the development of animal husbandry Agriculture, forestry, grass, animal husbandry, by-products and fishery are adapted to local conditions and reasonably matched to achieve ecology, economy and society It is the advanced stage of technical animal husbandry Ecotype animal husbandry mainly includes ecotype animal husbandry, ecotype animal product processing industry and pollution-free treatment industry of waste (feces, urine, sewage, polluted blood, hair, etc.) 2.2 develop the feed resources widely and increase the development of feed resources We should change the planting degree of our traditional "dual" structure of grain economy, establish the planting system of "three" structure of grain economy and feed, formally incorporate the feed crops into the farmland planting system, and improve its status and yield In addition, we should pay attention to the development and utilization of protein feed resources, such as furfural drum, cake and so on We should take the development and utilization of plant protein feed (mainly including legume forage, bean seed and all kinds of cake feed), animal protein feed (mainly referring to the products of fish meal and processing waste of livestock and poultry) as a supplement, and actively seize the industries such as amino acid additive, non protein nitrogen (mainly referring to urea) and single cell protein Development and utilization of feed 2.3 to adjust and optimize the structure of animal husbandry, we should adjust and optimize the structure of animal husbandry and promote the further development of animal husbandry in China based on the market demand and resource advantages In particular, we should improve the quality of meat, eggs and milk products, speed up the production of high-quality livestock products, change the concept of "increase efficiency by quantity" and establish the concept of "increase efficiency by quality" 2.4 promote the industrialization of animal husbandry In the process of the implementation of the industrialization of animal husbandry, through the connection of production, processing and circulation of leading enterprises, tens of millions of breeding households are driven into the big market, which is conducive to the rational allocation of resources, the optimization of the combination of production factors, the formation of the best production scale, the realization of the balanced coordination of economic, ecological and social benefits, and the improvement of the quality of life of farmers, And make the rural social and economic structure change, so that a series of social goals can be achieved, and promote the sustainable development of animal husbandry 2.5 promoting and applying advanced science and technology is the first productivity Without the progress of science and technology, there will be no sustainable development of animal husbandry Science and technology will play an important role in the transformation from traditional animal husbandry to modern animal husbandry and in the development of "high yield, high quality and high efficiency" animal husbandry We should rely on technological progress, take the road of connotative development, make effective use of various resources, increase the productivity of livestock and poultry storage, and improve feed conversion rate and economic benefits China should strengthen the investment in science and technology, strive for more achievements, and take various measures to promote the application and transformation of scientific and technological achievements in production At present, the contribution of technological progress to the economic growth of animal husbandry has reached more than 38% - 40%, which is 20% - 30% lower than the level of 60% - 70% in the developed countries The popularization and application of advanced science and technology is an important guarantee to further improve the production efficiency of animal husbandry and maintain the sustainable development of animal husbandry in China 2.6 strengthen the construction of laws and regulations, strengthen the efforts of environmental pollution control The rapid development of industrialized animal husbandry, on the one hand, has provided a large number of animal products to the market, and made a significant contribution to meet the demand of egg and milk of urban and rural residents in China; on the other hand, it has caused serious pollution to the environment, and also brought harm to human life and health In recent years, China has formulated various laws and regulations related to environmental protection, such as the sustainable development strategy and the environmental protection objectives during the ninth five year plan and 2010, the decision on several issues of environmental protection, the law on the prevention and control of water pollution, the law on the prevention and control of air pollution, etc., but the implementation is not strong enough, and the pollution situation is still aggravating We should take practical measures, strengthen law enforcement and take the road of governing animal husbandry by law It is not only the need to ensure the healthy development of animal husbandry and protect people's health, but also the need to participate in international competition and promote the sustainable development of animal husbandry.