Problems and Countermeasures in the development of forage livestock in Youyang

Abstract: there are some problems in the development of herbivorous livestock in Youyang Tujia and Miao Autonomous County, such as the proportion of herbivorous livestock in the whole animal husbandry is too light, the utilization rate of grass slope and crop straw is low, the construction of improved breeding system of herbivorous livestock, the lag of infrastructure and Prevention and control measures of livestock diseases, and the imperfection of grass-roots service system According to the current situation and existing problems of the development of herbivorous livestock in our county, this paper discusses the main factors restricting the development of herbivorous livestock in our county, and seeks better solutions to speed up the development of herbivorous livestock in our county, and promote the development of animal husbandry in our county to the road of intensive, scientific, large-scale and beneficial Key words: zoology, herbivore and livestock countermeasures Youyang County is located in the southeast of Chongqing City, governing 39 towns, with a total population of 737900, including 668700 agricultural population It is 98.8km wide from the east to the west, 119.85km long from the south to the north, and covers an area of 5173km2 The whole area is located between the two mountains of Dalou mountain and Wuling Mountain The terrain is extremely cut The mountains are high and the streams are densely distributed It belongs to the subtropical humid monsoon climate area It has four distinct seasons, short winter and long summer, abundant rainfall, mild climate, and three-dimensional climate, which is suitable for the growth of a variety of Herbages Youyang has a vast grassland area, with an area of 2.923 million mu of grass mountains and slopes, mainly concentrated in Xinglong, Heishui, Cangling, Dingshi, Zhongduo, Longtan and other towns In the high cover area of Youxi, shrub grassland is the main area, and in the low altitude area of Youdong, sparse forest grassland is the main area There are many kinds of Forages in the county, which have great potential for development and utilization The county is rich in crop straw resources, which can be used up to more than 270000 tons It has unique advantages and conditions to develop animal husbandry, especially herbivorous livestock Youyang is a typical mountainous agricultural county with a low degree of industrialization and less pollution of livestock products by modern industry The products have strong market competitiveness because of their natural, green and pollution-free The local excellent varieties such as Youzhou black goat and Youzhou black goat are popular in the surrounding provinces, and the supply of products is in short supply In recent years, with the attention of Party committees and governments at all levels and the efforts of business departments, the development of animal husbandry has made gratifying achievements At the end of 2003, the output value of animal husbandry reached 425 million yuan, and the number of pigs, goats and cattle raised reached 1.07 million, 690000 and 202000 respectively According to the rich characteristics of Caoshan and Caopo resources in our county, the overall development idea of "highlighting goats, stabilizing pigs, driving poultry, and cultivating leading leaders" was put forward However, there are some problems in the development of animal husbandry in our county, such as internal structure, resource utilization, animal and poultry protection, service function, etc., which are far from the development requirements of modern animal husbandry, and its development scale and level are not suitable for the unique natural conditions of our county Therefore, in order to comprehensively promote the development of animal husbandry and accelerate the development of the county economy, this paper discusses some basic understanding of the development of herbivorous livestock in our county 1 The current situation and existing problems of the development of herbivorous livestock in our county 1 The development of herbivorous livestock has taken shape, but it accounts for too little proportion of the whole animal husbandry In 1990, the value of animal husbandry in our county was only 12.13 million yuan, accounting for 13.38% of the output value of animal husbandry In recent years, with the attention of Party committees and governments at all levels, the grass-fed livestock in our county has developed greatly By the end of 2003, the basic group of grass-fed livestock in our county had begun to take shape, with the cattle raising amount reaching 202000, including 165000 on hand and 37000 on hand; the goat raising amount reaching 690000, including 380000 on hand and 310000 on hand The output value of animal husbandry reached 425 million yuan, accounting for 40% of the agricultural output value Right, while grazing livestock only accounts for 15.61% of the output value of animal husbandry, pigs account for 77% of the output value of the whole animal husbandry, and the proportion of grazing livestock is too light to meet the current development requirements of animal husbandry and the policy of industrial structure adjustment 2 Our county is rich in grass hill, grass slope and crop straw resources, but the development and utilization rate is low In our county, there are 2.923 million mu of natural grassland, including 2.151 million mu of grassland and 772000 mu of interstitial grassland There are 82 species of herbage, which are divided into 73 genera and 82 families Lianpian grassland is mainly distributed in Youxi and Youzhong, mainly in grassland and shrub grassland, while in the low altitude area of Youdong, there are mainly some sparse forest and shrub grassland Forage is the material basis for the development of herbivorous animal husbandry Good forage can shorten the feeding cycle of herbivorous livestock and produce high-quality livestock products Although the Grassland Slope area of our county is wide, the grass yield is low, the palatability is poor, and the utilization degree is not high However, the development of herbivorous livestock is rapid, and the phenomenon of overgrazing is serious Therefore, we must vigorously carry out the artificial grass planting and grassland improvement, and use all kinds of winter fallow fields, cropland and four wasteland to plant high-quality forage, so as to solve the major problems related to the development of animal husbandry At the same time, a large number of straws are not well used, and the technology of straw ammoniation micro storage is rarely developed However, the artificial planting and grassland improvement of forage are just in the beginning, and the implementation is very difficult, which restricts the large-scale development of herbivorous livestock 3 The construction of the breeding system of good varieties of herbivores is lagging behind, the quality of varieties is poor, and the production performance is low Although the number of cattle and sheep in our county is large, but the quality is poor, mainly local varieties The cattle are mainly local yellow cattle, with small size, slow growth, long production cycle and poor meat production performance Most of them are used for working, and the real commercial cattle are very few The goats in our county are mainly the East Sichuan white goats, and there are also Youzhou black goats and a small number of black goats Most of these varieties are of both flesh and skin type Due to the imperfect breeding system and the lack of systematic breeding, they have low birth weight, slow growth, small adult weight, low slaughter rate and net use rate, and serious degradation of varieties Youzhou black goat and Youzhou black goat, the local fine breeds in our county, are characterized by good meat quality, fast growth and development, large physique and high slaughter rate They are in short supply in the surrounding and coastal provinces, but the quantity is limited, without scale, unable to form an industrial chain 4 The infrastructure is backward and does not meet the needs of the development of grazing livestock Most of the cattle and sheep houses in our county are very simple, with unreasonable internal structure, no heatstroke prevention in summer, no heat preservation in winter, and poor sanitary conditions, which are not conducive to the growth and development of cattle and sheep Although, since 2000, our county has implemented the goat high bed house feeding supporting technology, and has carried on the comprehensive transformation to the goat house However, the scope of covering farmers is limited, and the transformation of cowshed has not yet been carried out 5 The grass-roots service system is not perfect, and the prevention and control measures of herbivorous animal disease are lagging behind For many years, the prevention and control of animal epidemics in our county is mainly pigs, and the prevention and control of herbivores is lack of enough attention At the same time, the disease of herbivores in our county has not been thoroughly arranged Through the introduction in recent years, some new diseases have been caused At present, there is still a lack of a complete set of comprehensive measures for the prevention and control of herbivores in our county Due to various reasons, the treatment of grass-roots animal husbandry and veterinary staff in our county has been low, the relevant policies have not been well implemented, there is almost no working funds for Township animal husbandry and veterinary stations, many animal husbandry and veterinary stations lack the necessary infrastructure and office conditions, which leads to the instability of grass-roots animal husbandry and veterinary team, and the service can not keep up 2 Countermeasures for the development of herbivorous livestock 1 Raise awareness and take the road of industrialization development Animal husbandry is the pillar industry of our county All departments at all levels of the county should deepen their understanding and unswervingly follow the path of industrialization development Therefore, the development of animal husbandry must adhere to the premise of market requirements, based on the development and utilization of resources, with the goal of increasing farmers' income, and implement regional layout, specialized production, integrated management and social services for animal husbandry economy; form the industrialization management with market leading, dragon head leading base and base connecting farmers; integrate production, supply and marketing; and integrate agriculture, science and education The management system and operation mechanism can solve the contradiction between the small-scale production of farmers and the big market of society, and realize the strategic transformation of farmers' small-scale economic thoughts and socialized commodity economy 2 Adjust the internal structure and vigorously develop herbivorous livestock According to the requirements of the western development and the actual development of animal husbandry in our county, we should focus on the development of cattle and sheep based herbivorous livestock Goat is the most potential industry in our county at present, especially the Youzhou black goat in our county, which has good meat quality, high slaughter rate, good market and short supply At this stage, great efforts should be made to select and expand the black goat population, realize the simultaneous development of quantity and quality, strive to launch the brand of "Youzhou black goat" and build Youyang's landmark products Cattle is also one of the important industries for the future development of animal husbandry At present, the development speed of cattle in our county is relatively slow In the aspect of cattle development, the emphasis should be put on strengthening the crossbreeding improvement of local yellow cattle, making full use of the abundant forage and straw resources in our county, and applying scientific breeding technology to improve the "three rates", especially the rate of commodity export, so as to improve the economic benefits of cattle raising 3 Strengthen variety improvement and seed engineering construction Variety improvement is one of the important measures for the development of animal husbandry The development of herbivorous livestock in our county should focus on the improvement of cattle varieties, and promote the economic hybridization between Simmental cattle and local cattle Goat improvement should focus on the selection and purification of Youzhou black goat and Youzhou black goat Meanwhile, we should introduce Boer goat, Jintang Black Goat, Nanjiang Yellow Goat and other domestic and foreign excellent varieties, and strive to implement the goat's Breeding of improved species, striving to make cattle, sheep and other herbivores better, and improving the commodity rate and market rate of herbivores 4 Returning farmland to grass, planting grass and raising livestock, and developing and utilizing straw resources It is the material guarantee for improving the commodity rate and promoting the development of herbivores to establish grass industry, grow grass and raise livestock, and reasonably develop and utilize straw Our county is rich in forage resources, but long-term free grazing, unreasonable utilization, serious waste of forage resources, we should increase the protection and improvement of natural grassland At the same time, we should seize the opportunity of the great development of the western part of the country, vigorously implement the artificial grass planting, establish livestock with grass, and cultivate livestock with grass Reasonably develop and utilize the abundant crop straw in our county to promote the development of herbivorous livestock 5 Enhance the awareness of epidemic prevention and formulate comprehensive measures for the prevention and control of herbivores At the same time, we should firmly establish the new animal epidemic prevention concept of "prevention is to increase income, less death is to increase efficiency, development and protection are both important", and adhere to the policy of "prevention first, prevention is more important than treatment" The outbreak of No.5 disease in 1999 in our county and the avian influenza which is happening in many provinces of our country have caused great losses to animal husbandry economy, which fully shows the importance of animal epidemic prevention and control Our county should organize human and material resources to make a detailed investigation on the epidemic of herbivores, find out the source and spread of the disease, formulate practical and feasible comprehensive measures for disease prevention and control, and ensure the sustainable and healthy development of herbivores in our county 6 Improve the basic service system and develop Yangchun company All levels should make every effort to take measures to strengthen team building and improve team quality First, seize the opportunity of institutional reform, improve the operation mechanism of grass-roots animal husbandry and veterinary station, and effectively implement the treatment of grass-roots animal husbandry service system personnel Second, increase investment through multiple channels, gradually improve the office and living conditions of basic stations, and improve equipment and facilities Third, we should strictly manage, compete for posts, and use talents, establish a reasonable personnel selection and employment system, and absorb the graduates from professional colleges and universities to enrich the grass-roots service team Fourth, we should continue to draw out talents to understand management and be good at it