Prevention and control of poultry diseases and its prospect (3.02)

; Fu Xianqiang (102209, Changping, Dongsanqi, Beijing breeding company) (BR) human beings are about to enter the 21st century At the turn of this century, it is very meaningful to review the course of the 20th century, look forward to the possible events in the 21st century, make a scientific judgment on the development direction of things in the future, and make corresponding plans and arrangements for the work they are engaged in (BR) it can be said that the course of bird disease prevention and control is full of complexity and hardship Generally speaking, it has the following characteristics: (BR) （1） The types of chicken diseases are increasing gradually, and a new disease appears almost every one or two years For example, since 1985, there have been outbreaks of Marek's disease, infectious laryngotracheitis, infectious rhinitis, infectious bursitis, renal type, adenogastric type, 4 / 91 type and other diseases in the society In some areas, there are also weak virus type of avian influenza The virulence of pathogens has been significantly enhanced, such as Marek's disease, infectious bursitis and Newcastle disease The virulence of wild virus has been enhanced to varying degrees, and the virulence of wild virus is constantly changing For example, in the past ten years, in the case of infectious bronchitis, there have been 3-4 NEW serotypes, and many subtypes of infectious bursitis have been found In this way, chicken disease becomes more and more complex, and the prevention and control of chicken disease is more and more difficult (BR) (2) the harm of bacterial diseases is gradually increasing In some places, pullorum, infectious rhinitis and Mycoplasma diseases are continuously occurring, especially the harm of Chicken Colibacillosis to chickens is gradually increasing In many areas, colibacillosis is an important cause of early death of chickens, breeders and laying hens In many chicken farms, the number of chicken deaths caused by or related to colibacillosis may account for more than 50% of the total number of chicken deaths Laying hens with colibacillosis not only cause death, but also cause enteritis, salpingitis and peritonitis Therefore, it is important to control the colibacillosis of chickens to improve the survival rate and egg production rate of chickens (BR) (3) the increasing number of toxic diseases and nutritional and metabolic diseases is also a problem that cannot be ignored In recent years, moderate toxic diseases have been reported from time to time, such as fluorosis caused by the use of calcium hydrophosphate without defluorination or bone meal with too high fluoride content Some chickens were poisoned by olaquindox due to excessive feeding of olaquindox, resulting in depression of spirit, loss of appetite, black crown, salivation and diarrhea In serious cases, the chickens died of convulsion and fell to the ground, the laying rate of laying hens decreased, and the hatching rate of laying hens decreased significantly In addition, due to the mildew poisoning caused by feeding moldy feed, the chicks within one week are very sensitive to Aspergillus, which is easy to cause pneumonia, and the sick chicks show dyspnea, thirst, diarrhea and wasting Eventually, he died of exhaustion and convulsion The egg production of adult chickens with aspergillosis continued to decrease by 10% - 20%, sometimes with lameness When aflatoxin occurs, the chicks are also more sensitive, which is manifested as loss of appetite or total income, anemia, pale crow, jaundice, thin stool with blood, growth retardation and neurological symptoms of chicks, egg production of hens is significantly reduced, and the mortality rate is up to 49% In terms of nutritional and metabolic diseases, the main causes are deficiency of trace elements and vitamins, fatty liver syndrome, gout and cage layer fatigue The losses caused by toxic diseases and nutritional metabolic diseases are often no less than those caused by infectious diseases, so toxic diseases and nutritional metabolic diseases should not be underestimated It is necessary to control the quality of each link from the beginning of feed to prevent the occurrence of nutritional metabolic diseases and toxic diseases In the aspect of chicken group drug use, the dosage and time of drug use should be strictly controlled When adding drugs to the feed, the drugs should be fully stirred evenly to prevent the occurrence of drug poisoning symptoms (BR) the main problems in the prevention and control of chicken diseases are as follows: (BR) (1) the main reason for the continuous epidemic of chicken diseases in some farms is that the layout is unreasonable and the whole in and out cannot be achieved Individual chicken has become the main force of chicken raising in China However, the mode of "small scale and large group" is usually adopted in individual chicken raising The feeding mode of "small scale and large population" is not conducive to the prevention and control of chicken diseases Due to the high density of breeding, the distance between the flocks is very close Mutual pollution is serious, it is difficult to achieve full in and out, once infectious diseases occur, it is difficult to escape the possibility of infection If this situation does not change, chicken disease will not be effectively controlled (BR) (2) the idea of "emphasis on cultivation, light prevention and light treatment" is quite common in some farmers There are two different ideas on the prevention and control of chicken disease A person considers a lot about the breed, equipment, scale and cost of breeding, but little or no consideration is given to how to take measures conducive to disease prevention At ordinary times, we do not pay attention to the comprehensive epidemic prevention of chicken disease, and we hope that the prevention and treatment of chicken disease will be based on good vaccines and drugs We are unwilling or reluctant to work hard on the prevention of chicken disease, and we are totally making do with the chicken raising However, in today's frequent occurrence of chicken diseases, especially in the case of colibacillosis seriously endangering chicken flocks, comprehensive epidemic prevention measures are not paid attention to, and it is inevitable that chicken flocks will suffer from diseases As a result, the mortality rate of chicken flocks remains high, the peak of egg production does not go up, and the peak maintenance time is short When the chicken flocks have developed diseases, any medicine is difficult to play a role in a short time, and the losses caused by chicken diseases have already been Irreparable, it's a way to lose more than gain Because usually do not pay attention to the comprehensive epidemic prevention measures and the health care work of chickens The natural incidence of chicken group is frequent, a large number of antibiotics are used to treat the disease, long-term application of antibiotics, drug resistance is produced quickly, many chicken farms due to drug resistance problems, so that it is difficult to find effective antibiotics for the prevention and treatment of chicken disease when the disease occurs In addition, the use of a large number of antibiotics is bound to retain antibiotics in chicken and eggs, which is bound to cause harm to human health This is also an important reason why China's livestock and poultry products can not be exported in large quantities Another way is to pay great attention to the health care of chickens and the comprehensive prevention of chicken diseases at ordinary times We are willing to invest in the health care of chickens and the prevention of chicken diseases As a result, the chickens always keep a healthy and disease-free state, and the normal development, egg production and dead Amoy rate of chickens are very low, because the chickens seldom get sick The cost of metallurgical treatment is relatively small, and the total return for breeders is naturally much higher (BR) (3) environmental deterioration is not conducive to the control of chicken disease Good sanitary environment is the basic condition for the healthy growth of livestock and poultry The environment includes the environment of the farm, the environment of the house and the intestinal environment of the livestock and poultry Many chicken farms do not pay attention to environmental health at ordinary times, so infectious diseases continue to affect the survival rate and production efficiency of chickens In some areas with high chicken density, the distance between chicken farms is very close And do not pay attention to the management of environmental health, chicken manure piles up, dead chickens litter, which is bound to cause a variety of infectious diseases continue to prevail In this case, no good veterinary epidemic prevention measures can play a role If we don't pay attention to environmental health, not only the poultry production itself is not good, but also the life and health of people around us will be affected, causing social disputes (BR) (IV) the quality of feed veterinary drugs is not guaranteed In recent years, the state has issued strict regulations on the control of feed, feed additives and veterinary vaccines, but there are still many problems in the implementation For example, the incidence of chicken group disease caused by feed ingredients and pollution often occurs, which causes great loss to production It is not uncommon for fake drugs and vaccines to flood the market Individual chicken breeders often lack the ability to identify the true and false drug vaccines, so they are cheated and complain incessantly How to control the pollution of livestock and poultry production to the environment and the harm of drug residues to people by regulating feed and veterinary drugs is an urgent problem to be solved With the enhancement of people's awareness of safety and health food and the increase of social requirements for environmental protection, this issue has been raised on the agenda (BR) (V) the veterinary drug epidemic prevention system is not perfect, and the diagnosis and treatment technology is backward Many places do not pay attention to the work of veterinary drug epidemic prevention, many basic veterinary stations have been cancelled, and the information and technology of epidemic prevention and control cannot be communicated and popularized in time There are more and more kinds of chicken diseases, which are more and more complex, and the diagnosis of many chicken diseases is more and more difficult However, the effective prevention and treatment of diseases is based on the accurate diagnosis The reality is that the diagnosis technology of various diseases is backward, and there is a lack of rapid and accurate diagnosis means, which is an effective control of diseases (BR) In a word, there is a long way to go in the prevention and control of poultry diseases Due to the above problems, poultry diseases have been one of the important factors restricting the development and improvement of poultry industry in China Compared with the developed countries in the world, there is a big gap in the level of poultry breeding in China, especially in the survival rate and production level of poultry groups, and to a large extent, in the area of water area under control of poultry diseases There is a big gap, which is closely related to the control level of poultry disease to a large extent In order to further develop the production of livestock and poultry in China in the 21st century, we must advance in the control of livestock and poultry diseases Only when the disease is well controlled can the survival rate, production level, cost and economic benefit be improved In recent years, "mad cow disease event" and "dioxin event" have occurred continuously in the world People pay more and more attention to the safety and health of food The developed countries are very sensitive to the problem of antibiotic residues in livestock and poultry products People have spontaneously put forward restrictions on the use of antibiotics in livestock and poultry production to the government For example, since 1997, European Community countries have successively stipulated that The antimicrobial growth promoters that are forbidden in the production of livestock information include: avoparciin, ardsciu, Zn bacitracin, spiramycin, tylosin, carbadox and olaquinox Therefore, the task we are facing is not only to improve the level of prevention and control of livestock and poultry diseases, but also to reduce the drug residues of livestock and poultry products, reduce the environmental pollution and emissions of harmful substances in the breeding industry, so that the breeding industry can develop healthily along the road of sustainable development In order to achieve this goal, efforts should be made in the following aspects: (BR) (1) to organize the scattered farmers and implement a unified epidemic prevention management: at present, the livestock and poultry breeding in China is basically based on the scattered individual farmers, and the breeding production is in a kind of unorganized, poorly planned and disordered production It is impossible for all producers to coordinate organically, to prevent epidemic and to take technical measures in production in a unified way The lack of ability to predict the market has resulted in the dramatic rise and fall of poultry production, and the production efficiency of producers cannot be guaranteed If we can take a certain way, such as "chicken Association", to organize the farmers closely, to manage the production plan, production technology and epidemic prevention and control in a unified way, then all kinds of disease prevention measures can be implemented well, and the ability of organized farmers to resist the epidemic will be greatly enhanced (BR) (II) vigorously popularize and promote advanced scientific and technological knowledge, so that producers can understand that only