PNAS: Northwestern University: Nanoparticle therapy can significantly increase survival in breast cancer patients and prevent breast cancer recurrence.

Introduction: Breast cancer is often referred to as the "pink killer" and its incidence rate ranks first among women with malignant tumorsThe incidence of breast cancer in China is on the rise year by year, more than 10,000 women are diagnosed with breast cancer every yearThe probability of recurrence after breast cancer is probably highA new study from Northwestern University in the United States recently showed that nanoparticle therapy can significantly increase the survival rate of breast cancer patients to prevent breast cancer recurrenceResearchers at Northwestern University have developed a new immunotherapy that can significantly extend the survival of mice with triple-negative breast cancerTriple-negative breast cancer is one of the most aggressive and difficult to treat in breast cancerIn this new study, mice that received the treatment (two immune-enhanced drugs in nanoparticles) had their tumors completely remissionforated for at least a dayAll untreated mice died on the dayNone of the treated mice had adverse reactions or autoimmune reactionsThis nanoparticle, called spherical nucleic acid () is a spherical type that can easily enter and stimulate immune cellsChad CMilkin ( ) led the study and invented the invention of which he attributed the success of immunotherapy to the shape and structure of nanoparticlesThe study will be published online this month in the Proceedings of the National Academy of SciencesHow do nanoparticles work? Typical immunotherapy involves pairing one or more molecules (called antigens) from tumor cells with molecules that stimulate the immune system (called adjorers)More advanced forms include a mixture of antigen molecules (called lysates) extracted from the patient's cancer cellsThe lysis trains the immune system to recognize its target (tumor) while adjuum enhances the body's immune response to destroy the targetThe doctor mixed the lysate and adjugo in the cell culture and injected the mixture into the patient Because this therapy is a structurally ambiguous mixture Milkin calls it a "hybrid method." The lysate and adjorizers are not packed together so it is difficult to make sure that they will hit the same target To overcome this challenge, Milkin's team packed the lysate and adjorred in one core In the study, they were injected under the skin of mice with triple-negative breast cancer The lymph nodes entering the mice and releasing their substances This causes an immune response in cells to fight cleavage Extended survival prevents recurrence after treatment in mice with only three negative breast cancer, there was only within days when the tumor was completely relieved and there were no obvious side effects Although the other three mice did not achieve remission, the new treatment did inhibit their tumor growth and they still lived longer than the control group Milkin and his team also found that immunotherapy based could protect mice from recurrence After the mice's condition was alleviated, the team tried to implant the tumor into the mice but the tumor did not grow When Milkin's team removed and examined tumors from the mice treated, the researchers found an increase in the number of cytotoxic cells, an immune cell that attacks the disease, and a reduction in the number of immunosuppressive cells that prevented the immune system from fighting the disease Interestingly, when researchers incorporate oxidized tumor cells, they produce a stronger immune response In the production of lysate, the researchers treated tumor cells with hypochloric acid to oxidize and kill tumor cells Other researchers have previously pointed out that oxidizing cells can create more effective immunotherapy The team that explored other cancers, Milkin, first tested the new treatment on triple-negative breast cancer tumors The researchers believe that theoretically based immunotherapy should be an effective treatment for many types of cancer Milkin's team plans to explore this next step Milkin said he was encouraged that four drugs were already included in human clinical trials as variants of immunotherapy for Merkel cell carcinoma in the study This structure is also invented by Northwestern University and is currently in the phase II clinical trial phase of a clinical stage of a biotech start-up