PNAS interpretation! Scientists have designed a special red blood cell-driven immunotarget technology that could help develop better disease prevention vaccines!

!--:page title" -- Red blood cells help the body fight infection simply by transporting oxygen from the lungs to the body's organs, but also by capturing pathogens on the cell surface, neutralizing pathogens and presenting them to immune cells in the spleen and liver; In the study entitled "Erythrocyte-driven immunization via bio-bio-of-their-nature anti-nature-based function", scientists from Harvard University and other institutions have developed a platform technology using red blood cells to transport antigens into antigens in the spleen (APCs) to produce an immune responsethis method can successfully slow the growth of cancerous tumors in the mouse body, and can also be developed as a biocompatible adjugate for a variety of vaccines'We call this technique red blood cell-driven immunotargeting (EDIT, Erythrocyte-Driven immun targeting), and the spleen is one of the body's best target organs for producing immune responses because it is one of the few organs where red blood cells interact naturally with white blood cells, and researchers have recently discovered that red blood cells, a congenital ability, can transfer adsords to immune cells, and the results of research that can help researchers develop new research using the disease.'picture source: Harvard University's use of red blood cells as a drug transport vector is not a new idea, but the vast majority of current technology targets the lungs, because the dense capillary network of the lungs causes red blood cells to be stripped when they squeeze microvascular vessels, so researchers want to find out how to make antigens adsorbed to red blood cells to avoid being proportional and successfully reach the spleen; The immune-reactive antigens are then incubated with the mice's red blood cells, and the proportion of 300 nanoparticles per red cell produces enough nanoparticles to bind to cells, and when red blood cells are exposed to the shear stress of the capillaries in the lungs, about 80 percent of the nanoparticles are preserved, while a lipid molecule called psilifilline (PS) is expressed on the cell membraneresearchers found that when in the stress or injury stage, high levels of phosphatidylseline on red blood cells can essentially be used as a "eat me" signal to promote their intake by the spleen, while lower levels of phosphatidylselagine signal the spleen's antigens to send a "check the next" signal, antigen-transmitter cells can ingest nanoparticles in red blood cells that cover antigens, and do not damage red blood cellsto test this hypothesis, the researchers injected red blood cells covered with nanoparticles into mice and then tracked their build-up in the body, and after 20 minutes of injection, more than 99 percent of the nanoparticles were removed by the animal's blood, and more nanoparticles appeared in the mice's spleenIn the dirty, not the lungs, the accumulation of higher nanoparticles in the spleen accumulates for more than 24 hours, while the number of EDIT red blood cells in the body's circulatory system remains the same, suggesting that red blood cells can successfully transport their "goods" into the spleen without destroying themafter confirming that nanoparticles can be successfully transported to the spleen in the body, the researchers then assessed whether antigens on the surface of the nanoparticles induced an immune response from the host body, and the researchers injected EDIT once a week for three weeks, followed by analysis of their spleen cells; Compared to mice given nanoparticles, the mice treated increased their levels by 8 and 2.2 times on T cells that showed transport inglisin antigens, respectively, and mice treated with EDIT technology produced more antibodies in their blood that were resistant to egg-clearing protein, more than in other study groupsTo see if these EDIT-induced immune responses could potentially inhibit or treat disease, the researchers repeated three weeks of EDIT preventive inoculation in mice, then incubated them with lymphoma cells that expressed egg-clearing protein, reducing tumor growth in mice receiving EDIT three times compared to mice receiving free nanoparticles, and significantly reducing the number of cancer cells before they died of effective tumorsresearcher Zongmin Zhao says EDIT is essentially a adjugate-free vaccine platform, and the reason why vaccine development takes so long is that every new vaccine must be fully clinically safely tested, and that red blood cells have been safely transported to patients for centuries to enhance the patient's immune response, making it a safe alternative to an external adjure, while also increasing the effectiveness of the vaccineresearchers have been delving into whether antigen-specific immune responses produced by EDIT can be produced by antigen-specific cells in the spleen, and they want to test them in antigens other than egg-clearing proteins, and they hope to optimize the best clinical configuration of EDIT technology through additional experiments; DrDonald Ingber, M.D., says Humans The body is a treasure trove that provides a lot of solutions to medical problems, and although medical progress has been made in understanding these mechanisms, it is still difficult to use this information to improve the quality and length of human life, and this study can help researchers take a big step forward and greatly improve the regulatory mechanisms or methods of the immune response of the patient's body() !--/ewebeditor:webeditor: !--: page title"--1) Betterers are in our sour .2" Anvay Ukidve, Zongmin Zhao, Alexandra Fehnel, et alErythrocyte-driven via biomimicry of their natural antigen-dising function, PNAS (2020) doi: 10.1073/pnas.2002880117 !--/ewebeditor.