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Life science Life science Almost a third of a person's life is spent in sleep.
Insufficient sleep can lead to fatigue, inattention, and reduced learning and work efficiency.
In recent years, as people's health awareness continues to increase, issues related to sleep have also attracted great attention from the international community.
In 2001, the International Foundation for Mental Health and Neuroscience proposed to set the first day of spring on March 21 every year as World Sleep Day, calling for global attention to sleep problems.
In addition, scientific researchers are also committed to in-depth exploration of the problems related to sleep patterns and the nervous system.
In order to welcome World Sleep Day in 2021, Cell Press has selected 3 sleep-related articles.
I hope everyone can sleep soundly and energetic.
Usually sleeplessness will make up for more sleep on weekends? nonexistent! Since lack of sleep increases the risk of people suffering from a variety of diseases, is it enough to get more sleep to reduce these risks? According to the new findings reported in Current Biology, a journal of Cell Press, the answer is very short-"No.
"
Kenneth Wright of the University of Colorado Boulder said: "Our research shows that casual weekend restorative sleep (Editor's note: supplementary sleep) does not seem to help the metabolic problems caused by lack of sleep.
" Christopher Depner and Kenneth The research team led by Wright conducted a randomized trial on sleep duration and found that in sleep-constrained groups, lack of sleep can lead to more snacks after dinner and weight gain.
In the group of casual restorative sleep on weekends, although the subjects slept on the weekend an average of one hour longer than usual, they also consumed less extra calories after dinner than those who did not get enough sleep.
However, when the weekend passed When they return to a state of insufficient sleep, their biological clock is delayed, they will eat more after dinner, and their weight will continue to increase.
In addition, there is a 13% correlation between sleep restriction and decreased insulin sensitivity.
However, insulin sensitivity is still low in groups who can sleep longer on weekends.
After restoring sleep over the weekend and returning to sleep deprivation, the subjects' overall insulin sensitivity, liver and muscles, decreased by 9% to 27%.
"Our results show that subjects who have restorative sleep on weekends have worse muscle-specific insulin sensitivity and liver-specific insulin sensitivity," Depner said.
In other words, if you usually lack sleep and want to sleep more on weekends to make up for it, it may actually aggravate the metabolic disorder.
Depner also pointed out that such metabolic abnormalities have not been found in people who have been sleeping less.
Collectively, these findings provide new evidence that insufficient sleep is a risk factor for metabolic disorders.
In addition, supplementing sleep on weekends cannot solve the problem of long-term lack of sleep during workdays.
Adequate sleep is very important to maintain the efficiency of learning and work and to ensure normal metabolism.
The Sleep Research Society and the American Sleep Medicine Association recommend that adults should sleep more than seven hours a night to ensure their health.
Therefore, we should pay attention to sleep and pay attention to the combination of work and rest.
▲Long press the picture to identify the QR code to read the original text.
Tired during the day and sleep longer? Have you ever had such an experience? ——After running around or working intensively for a day, I just want to lie down on the bed, sleep peacefully, and sleep longer this night without disturbing other things. A study by University College London (UCL) on zebrafish reveals the principle and provides new insights into the regulation of sleep in the brain-no matter how long we are awake, high-intensity brain activity during the day It seems to increase our need for sleep.
This article, published in Neuron, a journal of Cell Press, found a gene that can respond to brain activity to coordinate biological needs for sleep.
In order to explore which processes in the brain can drive steady-state sleep regulation independently of the time of day, Dr Jason Rihel's team from the Department of Cellular and Developmental Biology of UCL conducted experiments with zebrafish larvae.
They found that zebrafish with increased brain activity induced by the drug slept longer after the drug's effect disappeared, confirming that the increased brain activity can lead to a greater need for sleep.
In addition, they also found that a specific area in the zebrafish brain is the core of sleep stress: this brain area is comparable to the hypothalamic area found in the human brain and is very active during sleep.
In this zebrafish brain area, a special brain signaling molecule called galanin (galanin) is particularly active during restorative sleep, but it does not play that much role in normal night sleep.
In order to confirm that the drug-induced findings are related to actual sleep deprivation, the researchers conducted a test and found that zebrafish that were forced to stay awake had a longer sleep time the next day, and during restorative sleep, their The brain shows enhanced galanin activity.
The results indicate that galanin neurons may track overall brain activity in real time, but further research is needed to show how these neurons detect the whole brain.
Studies have shown that excessive brain activity increases the body's need for sleep, which may explain why people often feel exhausted after a seizure.
In addition, they also discovered a gene that plays a central role in homeostatic sleep regulation, which may help people better understand sleep disorders and sleep-damaging diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease.
Therapies targeting galanin are also expected to treat sleep disorders.
▲Long press the picture to identify the QR code to read the original text and only sleep for six hours without feeling sleepy.
This is genetically determined! Some people only need to sleep for six hours a day to regain their energy and stay energized throughout the following day; but some people feel like they have fallen asleep after waking up even if they sleep for eight hours a day.
The latest research shows that to a large extent, biological needs for sleep duration are really innately determined.
An article published by Neuron provides a genetic explanation for the above phenomenon.
The team conducted a study on a family where several members slept much less than the average length of time, and discovered a new gene that is said to be directly related to the length of sleep required by the individual.
The neuroscientist Louis Ptáček of the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) and the geneticist Ying-Hui Fu of the UCSF are both the lead authors of the paper.
Their research involves several families, one of which has several members who can In the case of only six hours of sleep a day, the physical and mental condition remains normal.
This surprised the researchers and aroused their strong curiosity: Is this trait that only takes a short rest time to replenish the energy needed for a day, is it innately given or formed? So the researchers decided to take a closer look and analyze the family's DNA.
They finally found the key gene that determines the length of sleep-ADRB1.
Moreover, subsequent genetic linkage studies and whole-exome sequencing revealed a rare mutation in the ADRB1 gene of these family members that had not been discovered before.
In order to clarify the role of this rare gene mutation, the researchers carried out a series of experiments and found that the mutation gene encodes β1-adrenergic receptor.
This mutation makes the stability of this protein worse, thereby affecting The function of the receptor.
Next, the researchers conducted a series of experiments using mice carrying this gene mutation, and found that the average sleep time of these mice was 55 minutes less than that of ordinary mice (humans carrying this mutation sleep on average two hours less than others) ).
Further analysis showed that the expression level of this gene is very high on the dorsal side of the mouse pons, and this region is responsible for unconscious functions such as breathing, eye movement, and sleep.
The researchers also found that neurons expressing the normal ADRB1 gene in this region are more active in both the waking state and the rapid eye movement (REM) sleep period, but are static in the non-REM period.
Neurons carrying mutant genes are more active than normal neurons, which may cause the body to sleep shorter.
However, Ptáček also admitted that there are some limitations in using mice to study sleep behavior.
One is that mice sleep patterns are different from humans.
Their sleep time is fragmented, instead of sleeping in a continuous period like humans.
.
"However, there are many difficulties in directly studying human sleep, because human sleep is not only a physiological function, but also related to behavioral habits.
Humans will do things such as drinking coffee, staying up late, and doing all kinds of things that go against their natural instincts.
"Therefore, although genes determine the length of sleep required to a certain extent, in general, if you want a good sleep, you not only need to relax your body and mind, but also avoid bad habits such as staying up late.
▲Long press the picture to identify the QR code to read the original text, and the eraser for reading memory? Zhong Yi's research team discovered the control mechanism of memory fading | Cell Press Dialogue Scientist ▲
Insufficient sleep can lead to fatigue, inattention, and reduced learning and work efficiency.
In recent years, as people's health awareness continues to increase, issues related to sleep have also attracted great attention from the international community.
In 2001, the International Foundation for Mental Health and Neuroscience proposed to set the first day of spring on March 21 every year as World Sleep Day, calling for global attention to sleep problems.
In addition, scientific researchers are also committed to in-depth exploration of the problems related to sleep patterns and the nervous system.
In order to welcome World Sleep Day in 2021, Cell Press has selected 3 sleep-related articles.
I hope everyone can sleep soundly and energetic.
Usually sleeplessness will make up for more sleep on weekends? nonexistent! Since lack of sleep increases the risk of people suffering from a variety of diseases, is it enough to get more sleep to reduce these risks? According to the new findings reported in Current Biology, a journal of Cell Press, the answer is very short-"No.
"
Kenneth Wright of the University of Colorado Boulder said: "Our research shows that casual weekend restorative sleep (Editor's note: supplementary sleep) does not seem to help the metabolic problems caused by lack of sleep.
" Christopher Depner and Kenneth The research team led by Wright conducted a randomized trial on sleep duration and found that in sleep-constrained groups, lack of sleep can lead to more snacks after dinner and weight gain.
In the group of casual restorative sleep on weekends, although the subjects slept on the weekend an average of one hour longer than usual, they also consumed less extra calories after dinner than those who did not get enough sleep.
However, when the weekend passed When they return to a state of insufficient sleep, their biological clock is delayed, they will eat more after dinner, and their weight will continue to increase.
In addition, there is a 13% correlation between sleep restriction and decreased insulin sensitivity.
However, insulin sensitivity is still low in groups who can sleep longer on weekends.
After restoring sleep over the weekend and returning to sleep deprivation, the subjects' overall insulin sensitivity, liver and muscles, decreased by 9% to 27%.
"Our results show that subjects who have restorative sleep on weekends have worse muscle-specific insulin sensitivity and liver-specific insulin sensitivity," Depner said.
In other words, if you usually lack sleep and want to sleep more on weekends to make up for it, it may actually aggravate the metabolic disorder.
Depner also pointed out that such metabolic abnormalities have not been found in people who have been sleeping less.
Collectively, these findings provide new evidence that insufficient sleep is a risk factor for metabolic disorders.
In addition, supplementing sleep on weekends cannot solve the problem of long-term lack of sleep during workdays.
Adequate sleep is very important to maintain the efficiency of learning and work and to ensure normal metabolism.
The Sleep Research Society and the American Sleep Medicine Association recommend that adults should sleep more than seven hours a night to ensure their health.
Therefore, we should pay attention to sleep and pay attention to the combination of work and rest.
▲Long press the picture to identify the QR code to read the original text.
Tired during the day and sleep longer? Have you ever had such an experience? ——After running around or working intensively for a day, I just want to lie down on the bed, sleep peacefully, and sleep longer this night without disturbing other things. A study by University College London (UCL) on zebrafish reveals the principle and provides new insights into the regulation of sleep in the brain-no matter how long we are awake, high-intensity brain activity during the day It seems to increase our need for sleep.
This article, published in Neuron, a journal of Cell Press, found a gene that can respond to brain activity to coordinate biological needs for sleep.
In order to explore which processes in the brain can drive steady-state sleep regulation independently of the time of day, Dr Jason Rihel's team from the Department of Cellular and Developmental Biology of UCL conducted experiments with zebrafish larvae.
They found that zebrafish with increased brain activity induced by the drug slept longer after the drug's effect disappeared, confirming that the increased brain activity can lead to a greater need for sleep.
In addition, they also found that a specific area in the zebrafish brain is the core of sleep stress: this brain area is comparable to the hypothalamic area found in the human brain and is very active during sleep.
In this zebrafish brain area, a special brain signaling molecule called galanin (galanin) is particularly active during restorative sleep, but it does not play that much role in normal night sleep.
In order to confirm that the drug-induced findings are related to actual sleep deprivation, the researchers conducted a test and found that zebrafish that were forced to stay awake had a longer sleep time the next day, and during restorative sleep, their The brain shows enhanced galanin activity.
The results indicate that galanin neurons may track overall brain activity in real time, but further research is needed to show how these neurons detect the whole brain.
Studies have shown that excessive brain activity increases the body's need for sleep, which may explain why people often feel exhausted after a seizure.
In addition, they also discovered a gene that plays a central role in homeostatic sleep regulation, which may help people better understand sleep disorders and sleep-damaging diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease.
Therapies targeting galanin are also expected to treat sleep disorders.
▲Long press the picture to identify the QR code to read the original text and only sleep for six hours without feeling sleepy.
This is genetically determined! Some people only need to sleep for six hours a day to regain their energy and stay energized throughout the following day; but some people feel like they have fallen asleep after waking up even if they sleep for eight hours a day.
The latest research shows that to a large extent, biological needs for sleep duration are really innately determined.
An article published by Neuron provides a genetic explanation for the above phenomenon.
The team conducted a study on a family where several members slept much less than the average length of time, and discovered a new gene that is said to be directly related to the length of sleep required by the individual.
The neuroscientist Louis Ptáček of the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) and the geneticist Ying-Hui Fu of the UCSF are both the lead authors of the paper.
Their research involves several families, one of which has several members who can In the case of only six hours of sleep a day, the physical and mental condition remains normal.
This surprised the researchers and aroused their strong curiosity: Is this trait that only takes a short rest time to replenish the energy needed for a day, is it innately given or formed? So the researchers decided to take a closer look and analyze the family's DNA.
They finally found the key gene that determines the length of sleep-ADRB1.
Moreover, subsequent genetic linkage studies and whole-exome sequencing revealed a rare mutation in the ADRB1 gene of these family members that had not been discovered before.
In order to clarify the role of this rare gene mutation, the researchers carried out a series of experiments and found that the mutation gene encodes β1-adrenergic receptor.
This mutation makes the stability of this protein worse, thereby affecting The function of the receptor.
Next, the researchers conducted a series of experiments using mice carrying this gene mutation, and found that the average sleep time of these mice was 55 minutes less than that of ordinary mice (humans carrying this mutation sleep on average two hours less than others) ).
Further analysis showed that the expression level of this gene is very high on the dorsal side of the mouse pons, and this region is responsible for unconscious functions such as breathing, eye movement, and sleep.
The researchers also found that neurons expressing the normal ADRB1 gene in this region are more active in both the waking state and the rapid eye movement (REM) sleep period, but are static in the non-REM period.
Neurons carrying mutant genes are more active than normal neurons, which may cause the body to sleep shorter.
However, Ptáček also admitted that there are some limitations in using mice to study sleep behavior.
One is that mice sleep patterns are different from humans.
Their sleep time is fragmented, instead of sleeping in a continuous period like humans.
.
"However, there are many difficulties in directly studying human sleep, because human sleep is not only a physiological function, but also related to behavioral habits.
Humans will do things such as drinking coffee, staying up late, and doing all kinds of things that go against their natural instincts.
"Therefore, although genes determine the length of sleep required to a certain extent, in general, if you want a good sleep, you not only need to relax your body and mind, but also avoid bad habits such as staying up late.
▲Long press the picture to identify the QR code to read the original text, and the eraser for reading memory? Zhong Yi's research team discovered the control mechanism of memory fading | Cell Press Dialogue Scientist ▲
