Plant Cell. NLR receptors regulate the mechanism of plant immunity and drought response through EDS1/PAD4 signals.

The initial resistance of plants to pathogenic microorganisms depends on their recognition of microbial associated molecular patterns (MAMP), which is called MTI (MAMP triggered immunity).after that, pathogens can inhibit MTI through effectors, thus causing the effect triggered susceptibility (ETS).as the second intracellular monitoring system, ETI (effector triggered immunity) in plants is very important to resist multiple pathogens.studies have shown that the ETI response in plants is mediated by NLR receptors.NLR proteins usually consist of three or more domains, among which NB-ARC (nucleoside binding) domain is the core component of NLR and participates in downstream receptor activation.according to the different N-terminal domains, NLR can be divided into three evolutionary branches: CNL, which contains the rolled coil domain; TNL, which contains the Toll-like interleukin-1 domain and RNL, and the N-terminal survival to powdry mildew8 domain [2].NLR is not only a receptor for pathogen related molecular patterns, but also the key to signal transduction. Therefore, understanding the function and genetic characteristics of NLR can provide a basis for crop genetic improvement.NLR can participate in the downstream key signal transduction of plant immunity. The signal network composed of EDS1, PAD4 and sag101 involves most of NLRs and all tnls [3].a recent study also found that after TNL activation, EDS1, sag101 and NRG1 form complex and lead to cell death.interestingly, in addition to being involved in immune regulation, EDS1 / PAD4 and ADR1 (activated death resistance-like1, a kind of RNL) have also been proved to be involved in abiotic stress response of plants [4].however, it is not clear that NLR mediated the regulation of abiotic and biological stress.recently, krasileva kV research group of Norwich Research Park, UK, published a paper entitled "convergent loss of an EDS1 / PAD4 signaling pathway in severe plant lineages revels co evolved components of plant immunity and drain in the plant cell The research paper of response revealed the mechanism of NLR regulating plant immunity and drought response through EDS1 / PAD4 signal.in this study, the copy number variation of NLR gene in angiosperms was studied by comparative genomics, and five species lacking RNL type gene were identified as S. polyrrhiza, Z. marina, A. officinalis, G. aurea and U. gibba. The deletion of NLR gene is accompanied by the loss of edai / PAD4.in this study, we further identified the other genes lost in the species lacking EDS1, PAD4 and RNL genes through proteomic analysis, and named them astrosperm typically retained (EDS1 lost).interestingly, the results of co expression analysis in Arabidopsis and rice showed that the expression response of astrel candidate genes was different during drought, abscisic acid treatment and biological stress treatment.schematic model of heterogeneous relationships between astrel genes and known biological and abiotic stress pathways in A. thaliana.this study provides evidence for coevolution of plant immunity and drought response. [1] Gao, Y., Wang, W., Zhang, T., T., Gong, Z., Zhao, H., and Han, G.Z. (2018). Out of water: the origin and early diversiication of plant R-genes. Plant Physiol. 177: 82:82 – 89. [2] binoux, M., VE, T., William S, S., Warren, C., Hatters, D., valkov, e., Zhang, X., Ellis, J.G., Kobe, N, C., Hatters, D., valkov, e., Zhang, X., Ellis, J.G., Kobe, Kobe, J.G., Kobe, J.G., Kobe, N., C., Hatters, D., valkov, e., Zhang, X., Ellis, J.G., J.G., Kobe, Kobe, Kobe, J.G., Kobe, J.G., Kobe, J.G B., and Dodds, P.N. (2011). Structural and Functional Analysis of a Plant Resistance Protein TIR Domain Reveals Interfaces for Self-Association, Signaling, and Autoregulation. Cell Host Microbe 9: 200–211.【3】Lapin, D., Kovacova, V., Sun, X., Dongus, J.A., Bhandari, D., von Born, P., Bautor, J., Guarneri, N., Rzemieniewski, J., Stuttmann, J., Beyer, A., and Parker, J.E. (2019). A  Coevolved EDS1-SA G101-NRG1 Module Mediates Cell Death Signaling by  TIR-Domain ImmuneReceptors. Plant Cell 31: 2430.【4】W ituszynska, W ., Slezak, I., Vanderauwera, S., Szechy nska-Hebda, M., Kornas, A., Van Der Kelen, K., Mühlenbock, P., Karpinska, B.,Mackowski, S., Van Breusegem, F., and Karpinski, S. (2013). Regulation simulating disease 1, enhanced disease susceptibility 1, and phytoalexin deficient4 conditionally regulate cellular signaling homeostasis, photosynthesis, water use efficiency, and seed yield in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol. 161:1795 – 1805