Ping Jihui's team from Nanjing Agricultural University reviewed the virus-host interaction network as a new antiviral drug target for influenza A and COVID-19

On April 27, 2022, the team of Prof.
Ping Jihui from the School of Veterinary Medicine of Nanjing Agricultural University published online in the journal Emerging Microbes & Infections titled: Virus-host interaction networks as new antiviral drug targets for IAV and SARS-CoV-2 (Virus-host interaction networks as new antiviral drug targets for IAV and SARS-CoV-2).
- A review paper on Host Interaction Networks as Novel Antiviral Drug Targets for IAV and SARS-CoV-2)
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At present, SARS-CoV-2, especially the Omicron strain, is ravaging the world, and even co-infection with Influenza A virus (IAV) appears, seriously endangering human public health
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So far, no specific antiviral drugs against SARS-CoV-2 have been discovered
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Therefore, there is an urgent need to explore anti-SARS-CoV-2 drug targets and develop effective clinical drugs
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This requires an in-depth understanding of the SARS-CoV-2 replication cycle and the molecular mechanism of the interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and the host, so as to provide a richer theoretical basis for the development of anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs
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The author discusses the IAV that is currently relatively mature and is expected to become the most referenced IAV for SARS-CoV-2 research in addition to members of the Coronaviridae family, and strives to quickly establish a theoretical system for virus-host interaction.
Important implications for the design of antiviral drugs based on host interaction networks
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In addition to IAV, the author also briefly summarizes the current research results of the SARS-CoV-2-host interaction network
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Studies have shown that the interaction between virus and host is always a game process.
After the host pattern recognition receptor recognizes the RNA of IAV and SARS-CoV-2, it can quickly activate the antiviral innate immune signaling pathway to induce the expression of host restriction factors such as ISGs and then.
Inhibits one or more links in the viral replication cycle, and the virus also evolves a variety of regulatory mechanisms involving transcriptional, translational and post-translational modification levels, and epigenetics to directly or indirectly antagonize the host's innate immunity, and hijack host cells by hijacking the host's innate immunity.
Translation system and promotes the expression of host factors for efficient self-replication
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It is worth noting that the game between host antiviral innate immunity and virus antagonism host innate immunity forms a virus-host interaction network
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In addition, the viral replication cycle is co-regulated by proteins, noncoding RNAs, carbohydrates, lipids, hormones and inorganic salts
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In view of this, from the perspective of virus immunology and systems biology, the author updated the antiviral drug target map based on the virus-host interaction network and proposed the virus-host interaction network as a new antiviral drug for IAV and SARS-CoV-2.
Innovative ideas for targets, which are expected to solve the problem of virus resistance
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It is particularly noteworthy that the virus-host interaction network contains three main antiviral drug targets: viral targets, host targets and the antagonism of viruses on the host's innate immunity.
Among them, the viral targets are traditional antiviral drug targets, and the host target is selected.
As a secondary consideration, the antagonism of viruses to host innate immunity is most easily overlooked in the process of antiviral drug development
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Figure 1: Map of antiviral drug targets focusing on the IAV replication cycle Figure 2: Map of antiviral drug targets focusing on the host's anti-IAV innate immune response Figure 3: Focusing on the antagonism of SARS-CoV-2 on the host's innate immune signaling pathway The link of the antiviral drug target map paper: https://pubmed.
ncbi.
nlm.
nih.
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