Pineapple.
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Last Update: 2021-01-09
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Source: Internet
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Author: User
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。Bromeliaceae anchovies are perennium evergreen herbs, a.k.a. anchovies and yellow pears. All about 6 species, as a fruit tree widely cultivated only 1 species of pineapple. Originally from Brazil and Paraguay in South America, the New World was discovered and gradually spread to tropical and subtropical regions. From the Portuguese into China in the 16th century, from Fujian to Taiwan in 1650, the province now has the highest output in the country, followed by Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Hainan, Yunnan and so on. Mostly distributed south of the Northern Regression Line. Thailand, the United States, Brazil, Mexico, China, the Philippines and Malaysia are the main producing countries, C?te d'Ivoire, Kenya, Ecuador, Bangladesh, South Africa and Cuba are also widely planted.
。 Form and type
plant height 0.7 to 1.5 meters, stem short thick, brown, the base has sprout extraction. Rooted around the raw stem. Leaves from the upper part of the stem, old leaves in the periphery, new leaves in turn in the internal spiral arrangement sloped out; Spiked flower sequence from the leaves, from 100 to 170 small flowers converged, fruit flesh, by many slivers, slivers, sub-rooms and flower shafts aggregate puffed out, forming a pine fruit-shaped fruit, mostly in a cylindrical shape; The top of the fruit has degenerative spiral-shaped blades;
70 varieties, can be divided into three categories: (1) Kain class. The fruit shape is larger, the peel orange, has the green spot, the fruit is pale yellow, the fruit juice is sweet and moderate. Leaves without thorns or less thorns, representing varieties such as "no hedgehogs", "sharawa" and so on, widely cultivated around the world, has more than 150 years of history. (2) Queen class. The fruit shape is small, the peel is golden yellow, there are green spots, the flesh is golden to dark yellow, the juice is sweet, the aroma is strong, resistant to storage. Leaves have thorns, rarely without thorns. The representative varieties are "Queen", "Queen of Gold" and so on. (3) Spanish class. The fruit is pale yellow and white, the fruit juice is high in acidity, and the leaves have hard and sharp thorns. Representative varieties have "Red Spain" and so on. Taiwan and Guangdong in China mainly plant kaine, Guangxi to queen class more, Spanish class in various production areas also have a small amount of cultivation.
。 Biological characteristics
pineapples grow at a temperature of about 15 degrees Celsius in winter. It is more adaptable to soil. Roots are shallow, there are bacteria symblosis, the pores and fur on the back of the leaves have a special structure to store carbon dioxide, but also to prevent evaporation of water, so drought-tolerant, but not cold-resistant. The root stops growing at a temperature of 5 degrees C and begins to die for 5 days; Flowering 3 times a year, mainly from February to March, the second from April to May, around July for the third time. The flower sequence is open for about 20 to 30 days. It takes 120 to 180 days to flower until the fruit ripens. General cultivated varieties self-flower infertility, the third flower fruit acidity is higher.
。 Cultivation
Generally breeding with buds, with crown buds (a bud-like body born on top of the fruit) to reproduce the best plants, to absorb buds
culture
of the seedlings, with the old stem on the buds to reproduce the seedlings need to be planted by false planting. After the 1970s, the main producing countries have adopted the
organization
culture method for factory seedling, or with bud leaf planting. Planted from April to September. Fertilize the bottom of the foot. Planting density varies from variety to variety, kain class per acre about 2400 plants, queen class to 3000 to 3500 plants as appropriate. The fertilization period focuses on the pre-flower, strong fruit and post-fruit 3 times, and potassium fertilizer must be added. Timely removal of crown buds, ethnic buds and selection of sprouts, conducive to nutrient concentration and normal fruit development. After harvesting soil, it is good for sprouting to take root and grow. The flowering period can be controlled with a growth regulator. Planting time long plant sprouting level increased, root system decline, yield decline, so generally every 3 to 4 years to replant 1 time. The soil is not strict. There are fewer pests and diseases.
。 Use
pineapple fruit in addition to fresh food, mostly used to make cans, because it can maintain the original flavor is widely loved, with bananas, coconuts, mangoes and four tropical fruits. Leaf fiber can be used as rope, fishing nets and other raw materials.
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