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Come and see if this is your blood type!
Executive Summary
On October 18, 2022, a study published in Neurology found that people with type A blood seem to be more likely to have a stroke before the age of 60 compared to people with other blood types
.
Study screenshots
status quo
In the United States, fewer than 800,000 people suffer
strokes each year.
Most of these events (about three out of every four) occur in people age 65 and older, and the risk doubles every decade after age 55
.
In recent years, substantial progress
has been made in identifying common genetic variants associated with the risk of ischaemic stroke.
This advance is largely based on meta-analysis of genome-wide association study (GWAS) results, mainly from late-onset cases
.
Given that several studies have found a high heritability in early-onset ischemic stroke, genetic studies
focused on early-onset stroke (EOS) are urgently needed.
A pressing question is whether genetic contributions to EOS include novel or specific mechanisms that may be translationally important across the age range, as found from early-onset case studies of other complex diseases
.
Since atherosclerosis is a less common cause of stroke in young people, the researchers hypothesized that non-atherosclerosis, prothrombotic mechanisms may be more important and identifiable
in EOS studies.
The association between EOS and multiple prethrombotic candidate genes supports this concept
.
conclusion
Through meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies of EOS aged 18-59 years, researchers obtained 16,730 cases and 599237 stroke-free controls
in 48 different studies, using individual-level data or pooled statistics.
We further compared the effect sizes of the relevant sites between EOS and delayed stroke (LOS) and compared the polygenic risk score (PRS) for venous thromboembolism (VTE)
between EOS and LOS.
It turned out that:
- EOS was significantly associated genome-wide with 2 variants in ABO, a known stroke site;
- These variants labeled blood subgroups O1 and A1, and the effect size of the two variants in EOS was significantly larger compared to LOS;
- The odds ratio (OR) of rs529565 labeled O1 was 0.
88 (95% CI]: 0.
85–0.
91) in EOS and 0.
96 (95% CI: 0.
92–1.
00) in LOS, and the OR for rs635634 (marker A1) was 1.
16 (1.
11–1.
21) in EOS and 1.
05 (0.
99–1.
11) in LOS.
The p-values for the interaction = 0.
001 and 0.
005, respectively; - Compared to LOS, VTE (another prethrombotic disorder) had a greater genetic risk and a stronger correlation with EOS (p = 0.
008).
prospect
According to the authors:
Stroke in young people is less likely to be caused by a buildup of fatty deposits in the arteries (a process known as atherosclerosis), but more likely by factors related to clot formation
.
Senior author and vascular neurologist Steven Kittner of the University of Maryland said in a statement:
- We still don't know why blood type A carries a higher risk, but it may be related to clotting factors such as platelets and cells that line blood vessels, as well as other circulating proteins, all of which play a role in the development of blood clots;
- We clearly need more follow-up research to elucidate the mechanisms
by which stroke risk increases.
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