Pay more attention to cultivation cost than feed cost, aquaculture can have a broad way of "money"

Introduction: OA show ('918 '); exclusive report of China Fisheries channel, Professor of Norwegian University of life sciences, first director of Norwegian national aquaculture protein Center (APC), is the first scholar who proposed and engaged in the development and utilization of Antarctic krill resources in the world APC is mainly engaged in the development and deep processing of aquatic feed protein sources, and is one of the first 13 excellent innovation centers established in Norway in 2003 "China's feed enterprises have advanced equipment, high education background and professional quality of formula workers, and the overall level is quite good Its real challenge comes from the farmers." Professor Trond stroebakken of Norwegian University of life sciences attended the China EU aquatic feed formulation and quality safety technical seminar on May 17 In an exclusive interview with aquatic frontier, he called on Chinese aquaculture farmers to pay more attention to the cultivation cost of overall aquaculture rather than feed cost As early as more than ten years ago, Professor Trond stroebakken began to carry out exchanges and cooperation with relevant Chinese enterprises, which has continued to the present He also has a nice Chinese name - "Telong", just like his name, this lovely and humorous Professor brings the latest progress in the research of protein source of feed substitution and his views on how to promote the healthy development of domestic aquaculture The forefront of protein substitution research: bacterial protein powder and Rhizopus oryzae in feed substitution protein source, Professor Trond stroebakken introduced two very frontier research: the bacterial protein powder produced with natural gas as raw material and Rhizopus oryzae produced with sulfite waste liquid produced in papermaking industry as medium Bacterial protein powder is made from methane, oxygen, ammonia and inorganic salt by fermentation In the 48 day culture experiment of salmon, we found that the growth of the experimental group was not significantly different from that of the control group In the same 3-month culture experiment of freshwater salmon, there was no significant difference in growth and feed utilization between groups when using Rhizopus oryzae protein instead of LT fish meal, among which 10% of the added group was the best "When we introduce (these studies) to governments and enterprises, they are very excited and show great interest." Professor Trond stroebakken said, "but this is a very new research, if it is applied to actual production now, the cost is too high Some enterprises are still waiting for the further improvement of technology, or a more mature time It will take time for real industrialization " "Now there are many scholars studying the application of algae as protein source, but I think that the cost of breeding algae is relatively high, and their utilization efficiency of light is relatively low In real use, the cost may be higher Compared with Rhizopus oryzae, bacterial powder protein is a more economical protein source Professor Trond stroebakken said The effect of fish meal free formula of plant protein concentrate is significant: "in northern Europe, plant protein is widely used in aquatic feed formula, and the use of fish meal can be basically controlled at 7-15% Feed enterprises will use multiple alternative protein sources according to different breeding varieties or different breeding stages, so as to reduce the use of high-quality fish meal." At present, Nordic feed enterprises are increasingly mature in mastering low fish meal technology "Of course, these technologies are the core secrets of the enterprise, and we can't understand them in depth." Professor Trond stroebakken said frankly, "but I can talk about the progress our research team has made in the research of fish meal free feed in recent years." In 2011, Professor Trond stroebakken's research team conducted a zero fish meal feed experiment on rainbow trout juveniles 95% of the protein in the experimental feed was derived from plant protein concentrate, while 3.5% Antarctic krill powder and 1.5% Antarctic krill paste were used to improve the taste of the feed The experimental results show that the growth effect of fish is still very good, although there is no fish meal, only adding plant protein and krill products "The most attractive thing about this experiment is that although all the feed proteins come from plant proteins, it has no difference in culture effect compared with the whole fish meal feed group, and its feed coefficient is only 0.8." Professor Trond stroebakken was very satisfied with the result "This zero fish meal formula will cost less than fish meal, but not much less." Professor Trond stroebakken said that due to the limited production of fish meal, it is unable to meet the needs of the rapid development of aquaculture industry, while plant protein is relatively abundant in terms of production, which is the charm of replacing fish meal with plant protein According to Professor Trond stroebakken, the key points of using plant protein to completely replace fish meal technology are the removal of antinutritional factors and indigestible polysaccharides; the removal and inactivation of specific toxins; the regulation of nutrition balance of feed; the promotion of rational use of feeding materials, etc "Antarctic krill powder is a very good raw material It not only contains a variety of food inducing ingredients, but also contains krill phospholipid, which has a very good role in promoting the digestion of fat, as well as rich in natural astaxanthin, DHA and EPA." Professor Trond stroebakken said: "after reducing the content of fish meal and adding a small amount of Antarctic krill meal, the feed effect can still be maintained at the same level as the previous high fish meal." "But are plant proteins sustainable? I think that in the future, we will also face the problem of resource depletion and shrinking production, the reduction of available arable land, fresh water resources, phosphorus and other fertilizer elements, and the problem of people and animals competing for food will become increasingly prominent " Professor Trond stroebakken said directly, "we need to comprehensively consider the effective substitution of each resource If China wants to maintain the current growth rate of aquaculture, it should make greater efforts in the research and development of new feed protein sources." It is proposed to set up a feed production line in the processing plant "Can we use the high and new freshness and product characteristics of aquatic products processing leftovers to produce aquatic feed?" In Professor Trond stroebakken's report, he asked us such a question, and he also gave us an idea: to establish a small feed production line in the aquatic products processing plant This seemingly naive idea is based on Professor Trond stroebakken's strong feelings after visiting several aquatic processing plants in Dalian, Zhoushan and other places "Zhejiang people have an old saying:" what is saved is earned " Trond Professor stroebakken said, "these processing plants are mainly engaged in export business Their raw materials are of excellent quality, and the quality of these leftovers is also very good If we can use these high-quality leftovers at the freshest time and mix them with other high-quality feed materials for feed production, we can not only use the protein adhesion of the leftovers to save feed production The invention can also conveniently add antioxidants to protect the quality of oil, and fresh raw materials can increase the palatability of feed, and for the processing plant, it can also improve the added value of the leftover products and save its own cost " In fact, it was only a few years ago in Norway, where the leftovers from salmon processing plants are mainly used to produce salmon meal, rather than finished feed "It's not perfect It's only half perfect." Trond believes that the finished feed can be more energy-saving and environmentally friendly, but he also said that "perfection is not the main purpose of maximizing the commercial interests, and I personally only see some new developments from the perspective of scientific research" Cultivation cost is more important than feed cost China is a big aquaculture country In the eyes of Professor Trond stroebakken, "China's feed enterprises have advanced equipment, high education background and professional quality of formula workers, and the overall level is quite good The real challenge comes from the farmers." "Compared with feed enterprises, most farmers' understanding of professional knowledge is often lagging behind or even seriously disjointed Farmers are more concerned about the cost of feed per ton, rather than the overall cost of aquaculture, that is, the cost of each ton of aquatic product output They can't understand the value of good feed " Professor Trond stroebakken said straightly, "in Norway, when farmers negotiate with feed enterprises, they are concerned about how the feed can bring growth performance to the fish, how much the feed coefficient can be controlled, how to ensure the health of the fish, etc., which is so simple." Taking Penaeus vannamei as an example, if we use high-quality protein source to prepare high-quality feed (not equivalent to high protein content feed), although the price is high, it can shorten the breeding cycle and reduce the breeding risk "If you shorten the breeding time of one month, you can reduce the breeding risk of one month In the middle and late period of breeding, anything can happen in one month." "Chinese farmers are more demanding on the feed price, with low price and high protein content However, if low-quality feed is used, the feed coefficient is high, the growth cycle is long, and the risk is increased In the past, a vicious cycle will occur From the perspective of industry, we should not only look at one of them I hope that farmers can be more rational, look at the cost of breeding as a whole, and use good raw materials to improve product quality " Presentation by Professor Trond stroebakken In view of the booming expansion feed fever in China in recent years, Professor Trond stroebakken believes that the expansion processing technology is not profound As far as the processing equipment is concerned, China's local products are also very advanced The real challenge may still be the deliberate pursuit of feed price by Chinese farmers, which makes feed enterprises produce feed with poor raw materials to meet the demands of farmers Professor Trond stroebakken once used the puffed material prepared based on high-quality raw materials to carry out the tilapia culture experiment During the whole culture process, the tilapia grew from 1g to 500g, and the feed coefficient was 1.1 Compared with the general feed coefficient of 1.6, the cost of the formula was only 15% higher than that of the ordinary commercial material "The advantages of expanded feed need to be reflected by raw materials If poor raw materials are selected, the quality of expanded feed produced is not necessarily better than that of granular feed The price largely determines the quality of the puffing material The high quality and low price are sometimes like fish and bear's paw You can't have both "