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On June 1, the 2021 World Milk Day and National Dairy Nutrition Week Dairy Knowledge Lecture, sponsored by China Dairy Industry Association, International Dairy Federation China National Committee, and Xinhuanet, co-organized by Yili, was held in Beijing
.
June 1 is a holiday for children all over the world.
In our daily life, we often drink dairy products, but many people do not know much about the types of dairy products
.
Song Kungang introduced that dairy products can be roughly divided into liquid milk, fermented milk, milk powder and cheese
Pasteurized milk is a liquid product obtained by cleansing, preheating, homogenizing, and low-temperature sterilization of raw fresh milk
.
Sterilization usually takes 72-80°C for 15 seconds or 89-90°C for 1 second
Sterilization of cow's milk, first of all, is to kill pathogenic microorganisms, miscellaneous bacteria, and inhibit the enzymes in the milk, which is completely suitable for direct consumption by consumers
.
But after pasteurization, still some bacteria survive, mainly heat-resistant bacteria, such as lactic acid bacteria, Streptococcus thermophilus, hot and humid Micrococcus, Bacillus and so on
Therefore, the transportation, sales, and storage of pasteurized milk must have a cold chain.
At a temperature of 0-6 ℃, the shelf life is generally about 7 days.
If the ultra-clean filling technology is used, the shelf life can be as long as 14 days
.
The national standard stipulates the nutritional indicators of pasteurized milk: fat ≥ 3.
1%, protein ≥ 2.
9%, non-fat milk solids ≥ 8.
1%
.
This is only a minimum limit indicator.
Pasteurized milk is completely suitable for low-temperature consumption and does not require heat sterilization
.
If you are suitable for eating cold food, the taste and taste will be better when you open the bottle
Sterilized milk is a liquid dairy product that is cleaned, preheated, and homogenized from raw fresh milk, heated to 132-140°C under continuous flow, and kept for 2-4 seconds to sterilize, then cooled and filled.
Also known as "pure milk"
.
The transportation, storage and sale of sterilized milk do not require cold chain, and the shelf life can be as long as 8-12 months at room temperature
Modified milk is a liquid dairy product made with no less than 80% fresh milk or reconstituted milk as the main raw material, adding other raw materials or food additives, or nutritional fortifiers, and using sterilization or sterilization processes
.
According to the definition of modulated milk, not less than 80% of milk is used, which does not mean that these products must be added with nearly 20% of water to dilute the milk and reduce costs
For example, nutrient-fortified and nutrient-adjusted modulated milk is generally made without water and is made with pure milk and functional ingredients; some ingredients must be dissolved in water before being added to ensure that it is fully dissolved and For emulsification, such as flavored milk, in addition to adding flavor substances, sugar is basically added.
The sugar must be dissolved in water to make a syrup before adding it
.
According to the standard, the nutritional indicators of full-fat modified milk are: fat content ≥2.
5%, protein ≥2.
3%
.
Is the milk drink made of milk? Song Kungang said that milk beverages are not modulated milk.
Milk beverages are generally made from one catty of milk to two catties of lactic acid bacteria beverages.
The protein content of lactic acid bacteria beverages is greater than 0.
7% or 1%.
There is a clear difference between the two
.
Yogurt, also called fermented milk, uses raw milk or milk powder as raw materials, and is sterilized and fermented to produce products with reduced pH.
They are divided into pure yogurt and flavored yogurt
.
Fermented milk improves the utilization of protein, can relieve lactose intolerance, and can also improve the absorption of mineral elements in the human body and the intestinal microflora
.
