Opening up a new way of animal husbandry and feed in Western China

Introduction: a new technology suitable for the agricultural development in the western region, i.e the technology of replanting rape for forage after wheat, has been successfully demonstrated in Gansu and other provinces in the western part of China, which has opened up a new source of high-quality forage for the development of animal husbandry in the western agricultural region In the middle of October, Hexi Corridor in Gansu Province, a scene of late autumn Endless bare farmland, waiting for the next year's cultivation However, the farm in Liangzhou District, Wuwei City, Gansu Province has a green rape field, which makes people feel a bit of spring, attracting the attention of the Ministry of agriculture, the Agricultural Technology Promotion Department of five provinces and regions in Northwest China, and more than 10 experts from Huazhong Agricultural University, Gansu Agricultural University and Xinjiang Agricultural University The National Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center organized the on-site observation meeting for the technology demonstration of the multiple cropping and feeding Rape after wheat in order to exchange experience and promote the further demonstration and promotion of the technology At present, this technology has been popularized in Gansu Province, with an average yield of more than 3000 kg of fresh rape per mu It is a new type of forage with high quality and high yield, which is popular with local farmers The proponent of this technology, Professor Fu Tingdong, an expert in soil and rape breeding of Chinese Academy of engineering, said that the crops in the western region of China have a short suitable growth period, two seasons are insufficient, more than one season, most of which are planted once a year After the wheat harvest in mid July, the crops are not planted in the two months before winter Due to the rainy season, the cultivated land is exposed, which not only wastes the light and heat resources, but also leads to soil erosion After wheat harvest, multiple planting of rape, using fresh rape grass as feed or green manure, not only makes full use of light and heat resources, solves the problem of insufficient feed supply in winter in the western region, but also is conducive to soil and water conservation, which is a very significant technology of economic, ecological and social benefits At the suggestion of academician bottingdong, the National Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center, together with Gansu Agricultural Technology Extension Station and Huazhong Agricultural University started to organize the multi-point experiment and demonstration of rape replanting after wheat in Gansu Province in 1999 After the success, it expanded to Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, Qinghai, Ningxia and other provinces in 2001 for the experiment and demonstration, all of which were successful According to Li Tieshen, deputy director of the National Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center, from the perspective of demonstration, there are the following characteristics of re planted rape after wheat: high biological yield of rape Due to the same season of rain and heat after wheat harvest, the growth of seeded rape is fast, and the yield of rape fresh grass is very high Generally, the yield per mu can reach more than 3000 kg, and the growth speed is faster than other forages under the same conditions -- the utilization value of fresh rape is high The first is that it can be used as feed The fresh rape produced by double low rapeseed (low erucic acid, low glucosinolate) as seed is not only palatable, but also has high nutritional value According to the determination of multiple rape samples by Gansu Agricultural University, fresh rape (air dried) contains 23.88% crude protein and 3.9% crude fat, which is equivalent to legume forage It is very important to silage the fresh rape as winter fodder for cattle, sheep and other livestock in the west of China Second, turning rape into green manure can improve soil fertility In addition, rape moss is a good vegetable -- low cost and significant economic benefits In the first mature area of our country, the multiple cropping rape after wheat makes the most of the light, heat, water and soil resources after wheat harvest, which increases the farmers' income In a normal year, the multiple cropping (green manure) Rape after wheat can produce more than 3000 kg of fresh rape grass per mu within 60 days and a long term, and the average net income per mu can be increased by 150-180 yuan The cost of seed is only 3 yuan to 4 yuan per mu, plus 8 kg of urea per mu, as well as the cost of harrowing and watering, only about 30 yuan per mu is needed, and the labor input is very small According to Tianzhu County, Gansu Province, one kilogram of forage sold to 0.2-0.3 yuan in winter According to this calculation, the use of free land to replant rape is equivalent to the income of one crop -- the technology is simple and easy to popularize The technology of multiple cropping rape after wheat has been preliminarily matched, which is easy to be popularized to farmers The main techniques include early sowing in rush season, selecting double low special varieties or double low Hybrid F2 seeds, appropriately increasing the sowing amount and increasing the density, directly sowing rapeseed in wheat harvest, and selecting the best harvest time according to different purposes -- good ecological benefits After wheat, the combination of use and nutrition was realized, which was beneficial to the improvement of soil fertility At the same time, after replanting rape, the land can be covered for protection, reducing wind erosion and soil erosion, and the ecological and environmental protection effect is obvious According to the preliminary estimates of relevant experts, the areas in the western and northern regions of China with more than one crop a year and less than two crops a year are relatively large, with an estimated area of 40 million mu in China If this technology can be widely applied as soon as possible according to local conditions, it will be of great significance to develop animal husbandry, promote sustainable development of agriculture, increase agricultural production, increase farmers' income and develop the West Relevant experts suggested that the relevant departments of the state should pay attention to the technology, and strongly support the in-depth study of the technology, and carry out a larger scale demonstration and promotion Editor's note: in the western part of China, there are many droughts and disasters The phenomenon of cultivated land desertification and soil erosion is becoming more and more serious Sandstorms occur frequently The degree of cultivated land desertification and wind erosion is increasing At the same time, in recent years, the development of animal husbandry has increased the production pressure of the existing grassland Overgrazing and overuse have caused the degradation of the grassland and the ecological environment has encountered unprecedented challenges The implementation of the strategy of developing the west of China and returning farmland to forest and grassland will play an important role in the management and protection of the ecological environment of hillside land, but it has not yet involved the protection and management of the ecological environment of key agricultural production areas such as flat land and irrigated land However, the management and protection of the ecological environment and the balanced development of production in these regions will be the main problems faced by agricultural production in the future The successful development of the technology of multiple cropping and feeding Rape after wheat has realized the organic combination of planting and animal husbandry The large-scale promotion of this innovative technology, which integrates the ecological protection and the development of animal husbandry in agricultural areas, will have a profound impact on the sustainable development of western agriculture.