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The mediastinum is located in the middle of the thoracic cavity, surrounded by the lungs on both sides, and is divided into superior, anterior, middle, and posterior mediastinu.
common mediastinal tumors
Imaging diagnosis of common mediastinal tumors
Mediastinal tumors are generally difficult to diagnose by plain X-ray film.
Thymoma
thymus
Thymoma is the most common primary tumor of anterior mediastinal tumors, accounting for about 50.
Location: The upper middle of the anterior mediastinu.
Fi.
Intrathoracic goiter
thyroid anatomy
Multiple occurrences in the upper part of the anterior mediastinum, cervicothorax sign; trachea and other surrounding structures are compressed and displaced; can move with swallowing; plain CT value is high, with obvious enhancement and long time; calcification and cystic degeneration may be present; endocrine abnormalities may be presen.
Thyroid tumor imaging features
Teratoma
Location: Solid mass in the anterior mediastinum; Density: Uneven, with fat, calcification, teeth and bone shadows; Dermoid cysts are fluid density with eggshell-like calcifications; Shape: Round or oval with smooth edges ; Benign and more; malignant patients with unclear margins, necrosis, and disappearance of the surrounding fat space; CT, MRI most of which can be clearly diagnose.
Teratoma imaging findings
Lymphoma
Malignant tumors occurring in lymph nodes or extranodal lymphoid tissue, divided into Hodgkin's disease (Hodgkin's disease, also known as Hodgkin's lymphoma) and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (non-Hodgkin disease, also known as non-Hodgkin's lymphoma) lymphoma.
Multiple enlarged lymph nodes in the hilum of the mediastinum can fuse into a mass, which is lobulated and protrudes bilaterally into the mediastinum, sometimes on one side, but rarely on one sid.
Differential points of lymphoma imaging manifestations of invasive thymoma and malignant lymphoma
Posterior mediastinal tumor
Neurogenic tumors are the most common of posterior mediastinal tumor.
Location: Occurred in the posterior superior mediastinum, overlapping with the spine on lateral radiographs; Shape: mostly round or oval; Edge: clear and sharp; Density: uniform and slightly lowe.
Imaging manifestations of posterior mediastinal tumors
Cyst
Including bronchial cyst, esophageal cyst, pericardial cyst, cystic lymphangioma, cyst of gastrointestinal origin, cyst of neuroenteric origin, thoracic duct cyst (rare), lipoma, fibroma, xanthoma,et.
Various types of cysts have certain predilection sites, such as bronchial cysts are mostly located next to the bronchus and trachea under the carina, pericardial cysts are mostly located in the heart-phrenic angle area, thymic cysts are mostly located in the thymus gland of the anterior superior mediastinum, esophageal cysts, neurointestinal cysts Sexual cysts and thoracic duct cysts are mostly located in the posterior mediastinu.
Imaging appearance of bronchial cyst
Imaging appearance of pericardial cyst
Differentiation points of mediastinal tumor and paramediastinal lung cancer