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Yimaitong compiled and written, please do not reprint
without authorization.
without authorization.
Introduction: One apple a day, stay away from diabetes
.
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a serious epidemic worldwide, with the latest International Diabetes Federation (IDF) Global Diabetes Map (10th Edition) showing that the number of adults with diabetes worldwide reached 537 million in 2021 and is expected to reach 783 million
in 2045.
T2D is influenced by both genes and environment, and overweight, obesity, poor eating habits and lack of exercise are the main risk factors
for T2D.
Management of modifiable factors, such as diet, is considered an effective way to
contain the T2D pandemic.
Fresh fruits may help prevent diabetes, but China's fruit intake rate is less than 6%
Recently, a Chinese study published in the European journal of nutrition (IF:5.
614) found that healthy people who eat fresh fruits have a significantly lower risk of diabetes, and the greater the fruit intake and frequency, the more obvious
the benefit.
Considering that the average fruit consumption in China is 100 grams / day, and less than 6% meet the recommended standards (> 300 grams / day), encouraging healthy people to eat more fresh fruits may help curb the diabetes epidemic
at the macro level.
The study data came from the Chinese Cohort of Cardiometabolic Diseases and Cancer (4C) study
.
The 4C study is a multicenter, population-based prospective cohort study
.
From 2011 to 2012, researchers recruited 193,846 40-year-old diabetic and pre-diabetic patients in 20 communities
≥ To compare and analyze the relationship between fasting blood glucose (FPG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and 2-hour postprandial blood glucose (2h-PG) and diabetes morbidity, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and
all-cause mortality in diabetic patients in China.
The study included 79,922 participants and used the Cox proportional hazards model to assess the risk of diabetes in people with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) and prediabetes with different fruit intake habits, adjusted for too many confounders, with a mean follow-up of 3.
8 years
.
One apple a day, stay away from diabetes!
The study found a linear and dose-dependent negative correlation between fresh fruit intake and the risk of T2D, that is, the greater the fruit intake and the more frequency the effect of preventing diabetes, specifically:
➤ In NGT subjects, a daily intake of 300 g of fruit was associated with a 40.
2% reduction in the risk of developing diabetes (P=0.
0019); However, this benefit is not significant
in patients with prediabetes.
Fig.
1 Fruit intake and diabetes risk
➤Similarly, among NGT subjects, those who ate fruit > 7 times/week had a 48.
6% lower risk of diabetes compared to those who ate fruit less than 1 time per week on average, but the benefit was not significant
in people with prediabetes.
Overall, a daily intake of at least 300g of fruit in healthy people will help prevent diabetes, and 300g is equivalent to eating about one apple
a day.
Table 1 Fruit intake frequency and diabetes risk
Potential mechanisms: plant fiber, flavonoids and antioxidants
Regarding the mechanism of action, the researchers believe that fresh fruits are rich in fiber, flavonoids and various antioxidants may play a potential role
in delaying or preventing diabetes.
➤ Fiber and other substances can regulate molecular pathways in the immune response, activate the immune system, promote the diversity of intestinal flora and enrich the composition of
other colon microbial populations.
➤ Some chemicals and their metabolites contained in fruits can inhibit pathogenic bacteria, activate beneficial bacteria, and exert prebiotic-like effects
.
➤ High fruit intake exerts potential benefits
for human health by increasing the production of short-chain fatty acids, maintaining intestinal mucosal integrity, and improving insulin sensitivity and anti-inflammatory properties.
➤ In particular, fresh fruit was referred to in the study, and fruit juice may be associated with a higher
risk of diabetes.
Summary of this article
In this study, there was an inverse correlation between fresh fruit intake and diabetes, and insufficient fruit intake was associated
with an increased risk of diabetes.
The researchers speculate that the lack of fruit intake in Chinese groups over the age of 40 may be related to
the overall rise in diabetes in recent years.
Higher frequency and intake of fresh fruit may help prevent the occurrence of T2D, especially in
people with normal blood sugar.
Yimaitong compiled from:
[1] Li, L.
, Yang, HY.
, Ma, Y.
et al.
Whole fresh fruit intake and risk of incident diabetes in different glycemic stages: a nationwide prospective cohort investigation.
Eur J Nutr(2022).
https://doi.
org/10.
1007/s00394-022-02998-6
[2]https://diabetesatlas.
org/idfawp/resource-files/2021/07/IDF_Atlas_10th_Edition_2021.
pdf