On the healthy and sustainable development of feed industry in China (12.19)

OA show ('918 '); Gao Zhenchuan I, researcher of Animal Husbandry Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, on the quality of feed products, the quality mentioned here refers to the nutritional quality, hygienic quality and processing quality of feed products Without good nutritional quality, feed products can not meet the nutritional needs of animals, the health and production performance of animals will be damaged, and breeding owners will not get good economic benefits The health quality of feed products is not only related to the safety and health of the animals being fed, but also indirectly affects the health and safety of people Qualified and good processing quality is the guarantee condition for the nutritional and hygienic quality of feed products We emphasize the quality of feed products because feed products are indirect food for people The breeder feeds the animals with feed and produces the animal products needed by human beings Without nutritious, hygienic and processed feed products, it is difficult to produce nutritious and hygienic animal food for human consumption Special emphasis should be placed on the health indicators of feed The contents of heavy metal elements, toxic and harmful chemicals (including those naturally existing in feed, produced by mildew, oxidation and deterioration, added and polluted), and harmful microorganisms in feed products should conform to the national feed health standards and regulations The use of drugs in feed must be in strict accordance with the variety, target animal, dosage, compatibility and drug withdrawal period specified by the state authority Only by strictly implementing the feed hygiene standards and the relevant drug use regulations can we produce the "reassuring meat, egg and milk" products that people need and are hygienic and safe The product quality of most feed factories in China can still reach all or most of the nutrition and health indicators set by the state and enterprises, and the product qualification rate is constantly improving However, it should be pointed out that the compound feed products of some enterprises contain low available energy value of animals, and the content of necessary amino acids and vitamins that can be digested and utilized is insufficient However, due to the addition of excessive husk, zeolite, bentonite, etc., the ash content is often high, which leads to the decline of production performance of livestock and poultry They set the standards lower than the national and industrial standards for their products, so as to achieve the goal of improving the product qualification rate The most worrying thing is that some enterprises, for commercial purposes, use excessive amount of certain drugs in their feed products for a long time, or even use drugs and chemicals banned by the state Through one-sided propaganda of their products "flavor", they can make pigs sleepy, dung black, long and thin meat, mislead farmers to buy, further causing many feed manufacturers to compete for application, leading to animal products Abnormal quality, increase of drug and chemical residues As a result, the export of livestock and poultry and their products is difficult, and people have doubts about the safety and health quality of animal food, and their consumption is restrained This is one of the reasons for the "surplus" of meat, eggs and fish products in recent years Domestic and foreign sales of live livestock and poultry products are not prosperous, which will inevitably bring huge economic losses to farms (households), feed enterprises and the country In the relationship among feed industry, breeding industry and animal product consumption market, the demand of the latter determines the development of the former With the improvement of social economy and living standards, people's demand for animal products is not only reflected in the variety and quantity, but also put forward higher requirements for its nutrition (use) and health quality, that is, people's awareness of health and safety is constantly enhanced What consumers need is nutritious, sanitary and safe animal products The breeding industry must produce such animal products, and the feed industry must provide nutritious and sanitary qualified feed products suitable for the production of such animals Although it is important for feed production enterprises to consider the economic benefits, they can not sacrifice the nutrition and health quality of their products, especially the health quality, which will have a serious negative impact on the reputation and benefits of feed industry and the enterprise In order to improve the quality of China's feed products, first, feed producers and distributors must improve their quality awareness, establish the idea of quality for survival, benefit and development, and consciously implement relevant standards and regulations; second, quality and technical supervision departments and testing agencies should standardize and strengthen the supervision and testing of all kinds of feed products, as well as the quality of production and distribution products Enterprises and persons in charge whose quantity does not meet the national mandatory standards (such as labeling standards and hygiene standards) shall be held responsible according to law; third, the quality standards of feed products shall be formulated and improved, especially the standards related to hygiene indicators; fourth, the research on feed quality detection methods shall be strengthened, especially the authenticity identification of additive feed raw materials, and in additive premix, concentrate and compound feed The content of vitamins, legally available and prohibited drugs and chemicals, and the detection technology of harmful ingredients in animal tissues, especially in edible meat, eggs and milk products These detection techniques should be simple, fast and accurate, and be easy for local quality and technical supervision, feed detection and other units and feed factories to master The establishment and promotion of these detection technologies will greatly reduce the opportunities of producing and selling fake and unsafe feed producers, and improve the overall level of feed product quality in China To further improve the quality of feed products in China, so that our feed products can ensure that the animals raised produce nutritious, hygienic and safe meat, eggs and dairy products, which is not only the sacred responsibility of feed industry, but also the guarantee for the healthy and sustainable development of feed industry 2、 The scale of feed enterprises and the mode of operation the scale of production of feed enterprises shall be determined according to the scale of local breeding industry, the degree of intensification and feeding habits In large and medium-sized cities, feed enterprises, breeding enterprises and food processing enterprises with strong strength and high management and management level should be developed as leading enterprises, and then these leading enterprises should be organized into groups, so that the fresh meat, eggs, milk and processed products produced can be directly sent to large consumers, the group's self selected market and the self-sale and marketing centers in the residential communities, and can be directly engaged in living Export trade of livestock, poultry, aquatic products and processed products Unified management and operation can greatly save production and operation costs, facilitate the quality control of feed animal slaughtering fresh meat, egg, milk processed animal food, form meat, egg, milk and its processed products with excellent and stable quality, unique nutrition, flavor, hygiene and safety, and create a corporate brand In the agricultural areas with rich resources such as feed, water, environment and human resources, which are suitable for the development of intensive aquaculture, the appropriate development of the above-mentioned enterprise groups is conducive to the construction of a high-quality (product nutrition, health, safety), high-efficiency, high-efficiency, high market competitiveness production base of livestock, poultry and fish - animal food commodities, which will be consumed and exported to urban and rural residents Trade makes a contribution In the agricultural areas of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the Yellow River, small-scale farming based on individual farmers is the main industry At present, the market of concentrated feed and compound feed in this area is huge In this region, large and medium-sized feed enterprises mostly sell their own feed products in the form of feed factories, agents and farmers Small feed factories or small workshops often directly sell their own products and sell the products of large and medium-sized feed factories on their behalf According to the calculation of the profit of selling tons of feed, the profit of the manufacturer and the agent is equal or even greater than the former The farmers bear the heavy economic burden, but they get little after-sales service, so that the economic benefit of the farmers from the purchased feed products is not high, or even loss, except for a few years or months Because many farmers did not include labor, housing and self-produced feed in the cost, and the cost of water, electricity, heating and medicine was not calculated carefully, the small-scale farming continued, although it often went up and down However, many farmers, especially some professional farmers, have awakened While expanding their breeding scale, they have set up their own feed processing workshops, especially when corn, soybean meal, fish meal and other raw materials are cheap and easy to purchase The low-cost, high-quality, fresh and convenient self-made feed really benefits this kind of breeding industry and makes the sales of quite a number of large and medium-sized feed production enterprises more difficult Based on this situation, I think that in such areas, feed production enterprises with strong management and technical force are mainly developed, and feed enterprises and farmers are formed through cooperation Feed enterprises support farmers in terms of capital, technology, supply and service of excellent livestock and poultry fry, purchase qualified livestock and poultry fish and undertake processing and sales tasks, while farmers Raise and provide qualified animals and animal products (such as eggs and milk) for core enterprises (feed factories) by using their own technology, experience, venue, buildings, manpower and other available resources This requires that feed enterprises should take the cultivation and development of the marketing market of animal husbandry products as the starting point, establish the contract specialized households according to the existing and potential animal product market in a planned way, and build the breeding enterprise acquisition processing marketing system The core feed factory shall formulate and implement feed production plan according to the needs of the contracted specialized households and standardize the feeding technical procedures of the specialized households, so as to ensure the health and production performance of the raised animals as well as the nutrition and health quality of the products Feed enterprises have developed themselves while serving local farmers Core enterprises and farmers form an interest community to participate in the competition of feed, breeding and animal product market and seek common development They have successful experience in foreign countries, and some domestic enterprises have also made successful attempts, which is one of the development models of feed, breeding and animal food industry worth advocating in agricultural areas In foreign countries, local, regional and national associations of different levels, such as pig producers' Association, poultry producers' Association, dairy producers' Association and beef cattle producers' Association, which are mainly composed of individual breeding owners, have played an active role in breeding production and trade Associations at all levels have set up their own feed production supply and technical service system to serve their members There are similar organizations in some parts of China, but they need to be improved in terms of organization and operation mode No matter the leading enterprise group, the core enterprise and the farmer community, or the individual breeder Association, they should be built and developed according to the specific situation of each region However, in any case, close cooperation or association between feed enterprises and breeding enterprises (households) is the right direction for the development of feed enterprises, which is worth advocating and encouraging As for simple feed enterprises, they should gradually develop towards the production and supply of feed raw materials, additives, premixes and special machinery and equipment for feed industry 3 Science and technology is an important basic condition for the development of animal husbandry, but its development direction, scale, production content, product quality demand and market demand are determined by the development direction, structure and development level of animal husbandry The development of feed industry is closely related to mechanical equipment and processing technology, chemical industry, pharmaceutical industry, grain and oil industry, especially agricultural production Therefore, feed science and technology not only has its own characteristics, but also has an important impact on the development of science and technology Science and technology are the first productive forces, but the first productive forces are created by people, and must be used and realized by people Man is the creation and implementation of science and technology