On the development of Western dairy industry

Introduction: the west is an important property producing area in China, and also the area with the largest number of dairy animals There are cattle, cows, buffaloes, cows, sheep, etc the ethnic minorities in the West have the habit of drinking milk Especially in recent years, with the improvement of people's life, the consumption of milk and dairy products is increasing day by day At the time of the western development, the development of dairy industry is of great significance Since the founding of the people's Republic of China, especially since the reform and opening up, the dairy industry in the West has developed rapidly (1) Milk production increased rapidly The output of dairy products in Xinjiang has reached 720000 tons (1999), 700000 tons (2000) in Inner Mongolia, 257500 tons (2000) in Sichuan, 204000 tons (2000) in Tibet, 239000 tons (1988) in Shaanxi and 150000 tons (2000) in Yunnan The output of dairy products in Gansu and Ningxia in 1997 was 148000 tons and 200000 tons respectively, 7.4 times and 51.4 times higher than that in 1978 The output of dairy products in Guizhou, Chongqing and Ningxia was relatively small, respectively 15000 tons, 42000 tons and 9921 tons, of which Guangxi increased by 3.5 times compared with 1978 (2) The improvement of dairy animals has achieved results In addition to Tibet, all provinces and cities have participated in the cultivation of Chinese Holstein cattle Holstein cattle is the only breed of dairy cattle in China At present, all large and medium-sized cities and industrial and mining enterprises have their own high-yield cattle herds Hutubi cattle farm in Xinjiang has created a high-yield cattle herds with an average annual milk production of 9505.5 kg and a milk fat rate of 3.68%, ranking first in China In 1984, 1985 and 1986, Xinjiang brown cattle, grassland red cattle and Sanhe cattle were successively bred in the western region, which were suitable for local breeding Their milk production was 3570.6 kg, 1662 kg and 2987.5 kg respectively The yak groups with an annual milk output of more than 200 kg have been selected through breeding, including Sibu, Maiwa and Zhongdian yaks At the same time, good results have been achieved through inter group and inter species hybridization In addition, Xinong dairy goat and Guanzhong dairy goat bred in Guanzhong of Shaanxi Province have a total annual milk production of 133700 tons Driven by the technology of artificial insemination with frozen semen, the crossbreeding improvement of yellow cattle has made rapid progress For example, in Shache County, Kashi District, Xinjiang, hybrid improved cattle account for 45% of the total cattle, especially in recent years, the offspring of embryo transfer technology of dairy cattle has reached hundreds, which will play an important role in improving the quality of dairy cattle The results of crossbreeding and improvement of Guangxi Buffalo are remarkable The milk yield of three breeds of crossbred buffalo in Guangxi Animal Husbandry Institute has reached 2389.9 kg in 310 days, and the milk fat rate has reached 8.1% (3) The raising management has been improved, and the raising management of dairy cattle in suburban areas has made great progress in recent years Many dairy farms have adopted modern feeding management technology and mechanized milking, which has greatly improved labor productivity and raw milk health quality The management of dairy farms (households) in agricultural areas is on the rise, and many areas in pastoral areas have gradually moved from nomadic to semi nomadic During the transition of house feeding, grassland construction is being carried out What's more, Ganzi Prefecture of Sichuan Province has built a computer information management system for animal husbandry All counties and counties have their own computer systems and have initially formed a local network, which will play an important role in animal husbandry production (4) The construction of modern dairy processing enterprises has started The western part of China is the earlier region to produce dairy products Such as sour milk in Xinjiang, horse milk wine, Qula in the plateau, milk fan in Dali, milk tofu in Inner Mongolia, etc However, due to the small-scale processing, the market is not wide In recent years, in order to improve the quality of products, increase the variety of designs and meet the needs of consumers, a modern dairy processing enterprise has been established For example, Xiajin company in Ningxia is far sighted in adopting advanced equipment and technology, and its milk powder and liquid milk have been sold in 28 provinces and autonomous regions, such as Beijing, Guangzhou, Zhejiang, etc.; for example, Xiajin company in Ningxia has purchased the yogurt production line from Holland for its low technology level, simple equipment, single product and low quality The varieties of active lactobacillus beverage with long shelf life play an important role in enriching yoghurt market and improving the quality of yoghurt Compared with the past, w9q Western dairy industry has made rapid development, but compared with the developed regions at home and abroad, there is still a certain gap The per unit yield of dairy cattle is generally low The annual per unit yield of Qinqin cattle in the state-owned farm is more than 5000 kg, only in Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi, Xinjiang and Kunming, generally hovering between 3000 kg and 4000 kg There are many individual cow herds with a per unit yield of only 1000 kg to 2000 kg In dairy processing, most processing enterprises have outdated equipment, backward technology, single production products and low grade, especially lack of awareness of the development of new products, so the product market is not smooth, and even cause product backlog W9q in order to speed up the development of Western dairy industry The author thinks the following problems should be paid attention to: 1 Develop all kinds of dairy animals according to local conditions According to the comprehensive division of animal husbandry in China, the western part includes Qinghai Tibet Plateau, Mongolia Xinjiang plateau, Loess Plateau and southwest mountainous area There are alpine pasturing area, arid pasturing area, plateau mountainous area, natural grassland and barren mountains on this land Therefore, to develop dairy cattle, we should first develop all kinds of dairy cattle according to the characteristics of the region, under the promotion of the western development and the construction of ecological environment, but generally speaking, we should focus on the development of dairy cattle in the industrial and mining areas and agricultural areas of big cities; yak is a unique breed of livestock in the high and cold regions of the west, with a total annual output of 715000 tons Yak milk is excellent in quality and taste, with dry matter content of 18%, including milk fat rate of 7%, milk protein of 5%, which has high nutritional value Yak milk is a kind of pollution-free natural green food, which is deeply loved by consumers It has a broad development prospect and should be focused on W9q 2 Actively develop dairy belt and milk source base It has been proved that the development of dairy belt and milk source base is an effective way to speed up the development of dairy industry According to the "Research on the development strategy of China's dairy industry", Hexi Corridor in Gansu Province can be used as a dairy belt Other parts of the western region may study and determine according to specific conditions The development of milk source base is also a good way to speed up the development of dairy industry, which can be referred to and implemented by all regions W9q 3 Accelerate the development of marketable products At present, dairy products are still relatively single, and marketable products are insufficient to meet the needs of consumers In addition, some products are not of good quality, do not meet the health standards, and have not been recognized by consumers Therefore, dairy processing enterprises must pay attention to brand name, quality, and speed up the development of various kinds of milk and dairy products suitable for consumers to accept and eat conveniently W9q