On the development of agriculture and animal husbandry in China

Introduction: the current situation of agriculture China is a large agricultural country, and the employees of agriculture and animal husbandry account for more than 70% of the national population Most of China's agriculture is still an individual small-scale agricultural structure The majority of farmers and herdsmen are in a state of free occupation, a production mechanism dominated by individuals and families, which is very backward Their production scale depends on how much land the family can divide or rent, and land investment also depends on the affordability of the family What kind and breed are also based on traditional habits Because for farmers and herdsmen, planting and breeding are to maintain their lives, and they can't bear the risk of any failure or small change In the early days of reform and opening up, the Chinese government devoted itself to supporting urban industry At the same time, a large amount of capital flowed into the city, but also lost a number of young and middle-aged agricultural labor and high-quality land, which was one of the main factors leading to the decline of agriculture and animal husbandry This phenomenon has been paid attention by the government This kind of decline can only be changed if the correct agricultural policies are formulated, agricultural science and technology education is promoted, infrastructure is developed and agricultural structure is reformed actively After 15 years of negotiations, China and the United States have finally reached an agreement on China's entry into the WTO, in which tariff relief, financial and part of the opening of agricultural markets have a great impact on China's entire agriculture In the end, no matter how the agreement is carried out, it will make farmers and agricultural trade organizations face international challenges In terms of cost, quality, varieties, sales methods and even financial arrangements, it will compete with advanced agricultural countries in the world Entering the world trade organization does not mean free trade, but it can give China a lot of trade opportunities Under the premise of abiding by the same set of game rules and mutual benefit, open or expand the door of trade There are many problems existing in China's agriculture The main ones are as follows: first, the distribution of arable land and water resources is extremely uneven, and the problem of drought in the north and waterlogging in the south is faced by the government and farmers every year 2、 The destruction of human resources is very serious Although the central government has formulated protection policies, it still faces great difficulties in the implementation process, and the effect is not significant 3、 In the framework of farmers and herdsmen as production units, the production scale is small and the efficiency of resource utilization is not high 4、 Most of the land can not be used all year round and production is limited In the north, it will face a long cold winter In the south, it will be affected by typhoon and rainstorm Limited by natural conditions, the products are not diversified enough to form vicious competition and the output value is difficult to increase 5、 The high transportation cost has seriously affected the circulation of products 6、 There are some difficulties in the promotion of new technology Farmers and herdsmen have conservative habits, but at the same time, because of their low resistance to risk, they are difficult to accept new things 7、 Lack of market channels Small scale production units are difficult to integrate with the market, and are often in a passive position in terms of sales 8、 China's current agricultural system is not perfect, such as the excessive tax burden of agricultural and animal husbandry enterprises, and the lack of credit loan support from the state bank, which affect the development of agriculture and animal husbandry to varying degrees As each farmer is a production unit, most of the cultivated land we see in many places is divided into small plots according to the land that each farmer can share In this way, the land utilization rate will be greatly reduced The decentralization of land use rights makes farmers reluctant to invest in more expensive infrastructure to improve the production environment For example, digging a deep well may irrigate about 500 mu of arable land to improve the production environment, but it is unrealistic for a farmer who only has dozens or several mu of land Although some farmers are willing to cooperate in infrastructure construction, they can't do it without the support of banks Policy support The development of agriculture can not be separated from the support of policies Therefore, in addition to the development of infrastructure, China should also formulate preferential policies to encourage agricultural development, such as: low interest loans to encourage long-term investment in infrastructure; tax-free import of equipment, seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, nutrients, etc for agricultural investment projects, and simplify import procedures; encourage enterprise investment, and at the same time Introduce and make full use of foreign funds and experience, and adopt high-tech to improve efficiency; formulate an effective tax system for promoting agriculture, which should be conducive to reinvestment in production and encourage farmers to reinvest the money they earn into production The current system is that no matter whether farmers and herdsmen make money or not, the state first collects taxes on special agricultural and forestry products, agriculture or slaughtering, and there is not much left for farmers and herdsmen This tax system does not encourage farmers and herdsmen to reinvest the money they earn in production Farmers and herdsmen cannot get out of poverty For enterprises to invest in agriculture and animal husbandry, there is a problem of double taxation in the current tax system Enterprises should pay agricultural tax, agricultural and forestry special product tax, slaughter tax, etc., and pay income tax after making money The tax burden of agricultural enterprises is heavier than that of industrial enterprises Because of the low economic benefit and high risk, most investors are reluctant to invest in agriculture, but rather to invest in real estate or industry In order to improve China's agriculture and animal husbandry, the state must establish a tax system to encourage investment in agriculture and avoid unreasonable multiple taxes Of course, in addition to making relevant policies We need other reforms and support In terms of large-scale agriculture, we should change the structure and concept of the farm as a production unit, actively develop various sales channels, and improve the position of China's agriculture in the international market The only way is to adjust and upgrade the industrial structure, which is an inevitable way for China's agriculture to develop in an all-round way Animal husbandry (especially industrialized animal husbandry) is the industrial upgrading of planting industry, because it reduces the direct dependence on nature and makes greater use of human resources (intelligence, technology, information) Animal husbandry (as well as the processing and marketing of animal products) requires more labor input than planting, and the industrial chain is much longer, which can drive the development of more industries In the development of meat production and animal products processing industry, China has shown certain advantages, which is a promising industry The rationalization of agricultural structure will greatly improve the allocation of production resources and create more added value Only when some farmers leave the land completely, can the scale of operation of the other farmers expand continuously and the planting industry develop The transfer of the center of gravity of processing industry will not only benefit the increase of farmers' income, but also promote the upgrading of urban industry The international pressure and the domestic economic development indicate that China's agriculture and animal husbandry must be reformed In the process of reform, the traditional production structure based on farmers and herdsmen is bound to face the threat of transformation or elimination This phenomenon creates new opportunities for enterprises that intend to participate in agriculture and animal husbandry With the unique vision and judgment of entrepreneurs, they are brave to innovate, market-oriented, develop the advantages of high and new technology, coupled with modern management, to develop the industrialization of agriculture and animal husbandry Domestic and international market share (author:) share to feed Weibo share to: