October's authoritative guide TOP list arrives with "Maple"! Golden autumn October, autumn will come with the trend of diagnosis and treatment in various departments!

In autumn and October, Fenglin sings late, and new diagnosis and treatment guidelines also drift in with the autumn breeze——

Mace Medical has compiled the top five most popular guides for doctors in various departments in October! Let's take a look at which clinical guidelines will make you shine too!

The same whisper as in September: Click "Click here" on the guide list of each department to jump to the guide list area link to view more content!

1.
Cardiovascular (click here to view the complete cardiovascular guide TOP list)

5th place:

2022 ESC Express: Interpretation of clinical studies related to heart failure

Introduction: In August 2022, the ESC conference held in Barcelona, Spain released the blockbuster results of heart failure such as the DELIVER study, the PERSPECTIVE study and the ADVOR study, which brought new evidence-based medical evidence
to the treatment of heart failure.
Heart failure is a series of clinical syndromes resulting from abnormal cardiac structure and/or pump function due to various causes, with objective evidence
of elevated natriuretic peptide levels and/or cardiogenic pulmonary congestion/systemic congestion.
Patients with severe heart failure have a very poor
quality of life.
Multiple studies have shown that patients diagnosed with heart failure have a 5-year survival rate of only about
50%.
With the intensification of the aging of China's population, the number of chronic heart failure is increasing year by year, and it is expected that by 2030, China's heart failure population will reach 20 million
.
Heart failure has been listed as the last battleground
in the field of cardiovascular disease treatment this century.
With the continuous improvement of clinical heart failure treatment and management models, the long-term survival rate of heart failure is gradually improving
.
What is the latest evidence-based medical evidence on the treatment and management of heart failure presented to the 2022 European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Annual Meeting, which is outlined
here.
  

4th place:

Oscar Clinical Medical Guide: Ambulatory Cardiac Event Monitoring (CG032)

Introduction: Arrhythmia, that is, arrhythmia, will have symptoms such as dizziness, fainting, palpitations, chest pain, etc.
, and may not have any symptoms
.
When a hospital or office evaluation does not reveal any abnormalities, plan members with suspected arrhythmias may need ambulatory monitoring to help make an accurate diagnosis
.
A traditional electrocardiogram (ECG) evaluates the heart at one point in time, providing only a short interval to detect abnormal heart rhythms
.
There are several different types of portable heart monitoring devices
.
Some of these devices record heart rate from outside the body through small electrodes placed on the chest, while others are implanted directly under
the skin.
They also vary
depending on the degree of interaction with the patient and the method of recording or transmitting data.
This guideline discusses clinical criteria
for outer and inner loop recorders, continuous dynamic monitors, and mobile cardiac telemetry.

3rd place:

Expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of coronary myocardial bridges

Introduction: Myocardial bridging is a congenital coronary malformation, the detection rate of myocardial bridge varies according to different examination methods, and the clinical manifestations vary greatly, which can be asymptomatic or manifested as angina, myocardial infarction or sudden death
.
At present, the precise examination method and treatment effect of the disease need to be studied in depth
.
Based on the results of relevant clinical research results, this expert collaboration group formed this expert consensus after extensive consultation and full discussion with experts in the industry, hoping to provide clinicians with practical reference
.

2nd place:

Expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of antithrombotic drug-related bleeding in China (2022)

Introduction: Antithrombotic drugs are an important means of
preventing and treating thrombotic diseases.
With the widespread use of antithrombotic drugs, the incidence of antithrombotic drug-related bleeding has increased
year by year.
Anticoagulant drugs, antiplatelet aggregation drugs and thrombolytic drugs can cause subcutaneous bleeding, gastrointestinal bleeding and even intracranial hemorrhage, resulting in adverse outcomes
of death or disability.
Therefore, the Thrombosis and Hemostasis Critical Care Committee of the Chinese Medical Education Association organized multidisciplinary experts to jointly write this consensus, which is intended to help clinicians standardize the treatment of antithrombotic drug-related bleeding
.
This consensus includes four parts: antithrombotic drug monitoring, bleeding assessment, reversal therapy, and restart of antithrombotic therapy for the reference
of clinicians.

1th place:

Chinese expert consensus on the clinical management of seasonal changes in blood pressure in hypertensive patients

Introduction: Blood pressure is one of
the most important vital signs.
The blood pressure level of healthy people is not fixed, but continuously fluctuates
within a certain range.
Blood pressure variation is a genetic trait formed in the long process of human evolution, the purpose is to make the human body better adapt to changes in the external environment and homeostasis, and ensure that the body maintains moderate blood perfusion pressure in the tissues and organs of the whole body during the process of internal and external environmental changes ^[1].

Seasonal changes in blood pressure are a common clinical phenomenon and usually manifest as "high in autumn and winter, low in spring and summer" ^[2-3].

In the general population, seasonal changes in blood pressure do not cause pathological damage and do not require treatment
.

2.
Respiratory Department (click here to view the TOP list of the complete respiratory guide)

5th place:

Interpretation of "Application of tuberculosis-specific antigen skin test in the diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection"

Introduction: In January 2022, the World Health Organization published the research flash "Application of tuberculosis-specific antigen skin test in the diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection"
.
The author interprets and analyzes the research report, and on this basis, combined with the latent infection and prevention and control status of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in China, the author explains the great significance of the application of tuberculosis-specific antigen skin test for the prevention and control of latent infection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in China, and makes suggestions
on how to better use the tuberculosis-specific antigen skin test.

4th place:

Key points of clinical nursing and practical effectiveness of acute laryngitis and laryngeal obstruction in children

Introduction: To discuss the key points and practical results
of clinical nursing of children with acute laryngitis and laryngeal obstruction.
Methods: A total of 76 children with acute laryngitis and laryngeal obstruction who received treatment in our hospital from July 2019 to July 2021 were randomly divided into two groups by touching the ball, with routine nursing in the control group (38 cases) and overall nursing
in the observation group (38 cases).
The time spent on symptom improvement, compliance and nursing satisfaction
were compared between the two groups.
Results: Compared with the control group, the observation group had hoarseness, dyspnea, and shorter time spent missing laryngeal sounds and observed (P <0.
05).
<b13> The nursing compliance of the children in the observation group was high (P <0.
05).
<b14> After nursing, the parents of the children in the observation group had low psychological state scores and high nursing satisfaction (P <0.
05).
<b15> Conclusion: The implementation of holistic nursing intervention for children with acute laryngitis and laryngeal obstruction has a positive effect in improving the nursing effect of children and improving treatment compliance, and can improve the nursing satisfaction of parents of children, which is worth promoting
.

3th place:

2021 Federal Bureau of Prisons (BOP) Clinical Guidelines: Seasonal Influenza

Introduction: This guide provides guidance
for the management of seasonal influenza.
Early detection, prevention and control of influenza is an important activity
to protect personal health.
Early detection, prevention and control of influenza is an important activity
to protect individual health and reduce the burden of disease within the facility and throughout the BOP.
These activities are done through influenza-like illness (ILI)
surveillance.
It is a tool for the continuous and systematic collection, analysis and interpretation of ILI data, closely integrated
with the timely dissemination of this data to leadership.
Disseminate this data to leadership, infection prevention and public health agencies
in a timely manner.
It is critical
to the planning, implementation and evaluation of health practices at BOP.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) defines ILI as: fever (temperature of 100.
0°F [37.
8°C] or above) and cough and/or sore
throat.
This definition is used for influenza surveillance worldwide and will continue to be used for BOP surveillance and reporting
.

2th place:

Simplifying and optimizing the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary hypertension: Interpretation of the 2022 ESC/ERS Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Hypertension

Introduction: The 2022 ESC/ERS Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Hypertension were released
on August 26 this year.
After 7 years, the new version of the guidelines has been updated in the definition, classification, diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary hypertension, and the emergence of more evidence-based medical evidence supports the update of this guideline, bringing new concepts and perspectives
to clinical practice.
The updated guidelines reflect the growing understanding of pulmonary hypertension and provide clinicians with more comprehensive guidance
.

1th place:

Several issues that should be paid attention to in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary hypertension——Based on the comparison and interpretation of the "2022 ESC/ERS Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Hypertension" and the "Chinese Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Hypertension (2021 Edition)"

Introduction:The clinical and translational research of pulmonary hypertension (PH) has been deepening, which has led to the continuous updating
of PH-related guidelines.
In January 2021, the Respiratory Disease Branch of the Chinese Medical Association and the Respiratory Physician Branch of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association jointly issued the "Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension in China (2021 Edition)" (referred to as the China Guidelines), which put forward many recommendations in line with China's national conditions based on domestic and foreign research at that time
.
On August 26, 2022, the European Heart Society (ESC) and the Respiratory Society (ERS) jointly released the 2022 ESC/ERS Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Hypertension (ESC/ERS Guidelines), which have been greatly updated
with the previous content.
This article will focus on the update points of the ESC/ERS guidelines
in combination with the relevant content of the China guidelines.

3.
Oncology (click here to view the TOP list of the complete oncology guide)

5th place:

2022 EANO guidelines: Treatment of primary central nervous system lymphoma

Introduction: In August 2022, the European Society for Neuro-Oncology (EANO) published guidelines
for the treatment of primary central nervous system lymphoma.
The management of primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is one of the most controversial topics in neuro-oncology, and this article provides guidance on
the treatment of primary central nervous system lymphoma.

4th place:

2022 Clinical Practice Guidelines: Prevention of nausea and vomiting caused by emergency and delayed chemotherapy in childhood cancer patients

Summary: Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) is the most common adverse effect associated with cancer treatment and can affect patients' health and quality of life
if not well controlled.
This article provides guidance on
the prevention of nausea and vomiting caused by emergency and delayed chemotherapy in children with cancer.
These recommendations are based on two systematic reviews of randomized controlled trials evaluating interventions
to prevent (1) acute phase CINV and (2) delayed phase CINV.
(2) Delay period CINV
.
Recommendations
for acute and delayed CINV prophylaxis are made in patients receiving different emetogenic chemotherapy, as well as in patients who cannot receive dexamethasone or neurokinin-1 receptor antagonists.
Differences in evidence have been identified
.

3th place:

Chinese Expert Consensus on Allergic Reactions Caused by Carboplatin Chemotherapy for Gynecological Tumors (2022 Edition)

Introduction: Platinum drugs are widely used in chemotherapy
for gynecological malignancies.
As a derivative of cisplatin, carboplatin belongs to the second generation of platinum anticancer drugs, which has the characteristics of
"equivalent and low toxicity".
Allergic reactions are a common complication of carboplatin chemotherapy, and severe acute allergic reactions can be life-threatening
.
Prevention of carboplatin allergy, timely diagnosis and standardized treatment are of great significance
to improve the treatment effect of gynecological tumors and reduce the risk of death.
This consensus was formulated to provide reference and guidance
for gynecologic oncologists.

2th place:

Expert consensus on breast cancer prevention in Chinese women

Introduction: Breast cancer is a malignant tumor with the highest prevalence and mortality rate among Chinese women, which seriously threatens women's health
in China.
Primary prevention is an important part of breast cancer prevention, and preventing the occurrence of breast cancer by reducing the cause or risk factors is the most active and fundamental prevention method
.
This paper elaborates on the risk factors, risk assessment models and prevention interventions of breast cancer, and combines China's national conditions to form the "Expert Consensus on Breast Cancer Prevention in Chinese Women", which is expected to help local breast cancer prevention work and reduce the prevalence and mortality rate
of female breast cancer in China.

1th place:

Technical Guidelines for Clinical Trials of Therapeutic Oncology Vaccines (Draft for Solicitation of Comments)

Introduction: The mechanism of action of tumor therapeutic vaccines is to process and present antigens to T cells through antigen-presenting cells (APCs), thereby inducing or amplifying existing antigen-specific T cell responses, which take a long time
to process.
There are many different considerations
in the clinical trial design of therapeutic oncology vaccines compared to traditional cytotoxic drugs, targeted therapies or other immuno-oncology drugs.
Considering that there are no relevant guiding principles in China to standardize and guide the clinical design of such products, our center has drafted the "Technical Guidelines for Clinical Trials of Tumor Therapeutic Vaccines (Draft for
Comments)" on the basis of fully investigating the research and development of the same variety at home and abroad and the relevant clinical trial technical requirements.

4.
Hematology (click here to view the TOP list of the complete hematology guide)

5th place:

【Chinese translation】2022 ASTCT clinical practice recommendations: transplantation and cell therapy for multiple myeloma

Summary: In June 2022, the American Society for Transplantation and Cell Therapy (ASTCT) released practical recommendations
for transplantation and cell therapy for multiple myeloma.
Treatment options for multiple myeloma (MM) have changed
dramatically over the past decade.
This article mainly puts forward clinical practice recommendations
for the role, timing and sequence of autologous, allogeneic and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy in newly diagnosed and relapsed/refractory MM patients.

4th place:

American Society of Transplantation and Cell Therapy Series 3: Prevention and treatment strategies for cytomegalovirus infection and cytomegalovirus disease after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Brief introduction:

The Practice Guidelines Committee of the American Society for Transplantation and Cell Therapy (ASTCT), in collaboration with its Expert Panel on Transplant Infectious Diseases, has updated the Clinical Guidelines for the Clinical Treatment of Infectious Diseases in Hematopoietic Cell Transplant (HCT) Recipients (2009 Edition).

。 To better guide clinical practice, the new guidelines bring together adults and children to discuss infection and HCT, and publish
each individual topic in the infectious disease series in the form of frequently asked questions (FAQs) combined with charts.
At the same time, the content of the guidelines is recommended
for different classifications (A~E) according to the level of evidence-based medicine (I.
~III.
).
As the third theme in this series, focus on prevention and treatment strategies for cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and CMV disease in HCT recipients by reviewing prevention and preemptive treatment measures; Some key definitions, associated risk factors, and diagnostic monitoring considerations
were also reviewed.

3th place:

Oscar clinical guidelines: Carvykti (ciltacabtagene autoleucel; cilta-cel) CAR T cells

Brief introduction:

The International Federation of Thalassaemia (TIF) has published guidelines for the management of transfusion-dependent thalassaemia 2021, β-thalassaemia, especially for transfusion-dependent (TDT) patients, who require lifelong care, preferably managed by specialized centers and multidisciplinary teams
.
Despite significant advances in the diagnosis and treatment of TDT over the past few decades, its management remains challenging
.
This article provides guidance on
the management of transfusion-dependent thalassemia.

2th place:

International consensus classification of myeloid tumors and acute leukemia: myeloproliferative tumors

Brief introduction:

In August 2022, NICE issued evidence-based medical recommendations
for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia with 2 or more tyrosinase inhibitors in Asciminib.
Symptoms of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) include weight loss, loss of appetite, enlarged spleen (increased spleen size), rash, anemia, and sweating
.
Drowsiness, abdominal fullness, sleep disturbances, muscle aches, muscle cramps, and memory loss
.
Spasticity and memory loss
.
In addition to the physical symptoms, the patient specialist explained that patients diagnosed with CML explained that being diagnosed with CML can have significant psychological effects
.
Impact
.
They describe how the physical symptoms and psychological effects of CML are produced
.
They describe the physical symptoms and psychological effects of CML, and how the side effects of current tyrosine kinase inhibitors affect daily life
.
Side effects (TKIs) that affect daily life
.
They explain that this can have a considerable impact
on family life, education and work.
They explain that this can have a considerable impact on family life, education and work, and that many people diagnosed with CML have had to stop working or work less
.
Many people diagnosed with CML have to stop working or reduce their working hours
.
The committee concluded that CML has a great impact
on the quality of life of patients and their families.
and quality of life
for caregivers.

1th place:

2022 ELN recommendations: diagnosis and management of adult AML patients

Introduction: The 2010 and 2017 editions of the European Leukemia Network (ELN) recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of adult acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are widely recognized
.
As research on AML continues to advance, this article mainly updates the genetic risk classification, response criteria, and treatment recommendations
for ELN.
Since the 2017 European Leukaemia Network (ELN) report, our understanding of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) has made substantial progress
.
There has been substantial progress
in the understanding of myeloid leukemia (AML).
Recent advances have greatly influenced clinical practice
.
These advances include understanding the clinical value of genomic abnormalities for diagnosis and prognosis, the clinical significance of predisposition to inherited AML, and clinical research
on AML.
Clinical significance of susceptibility to hereditary AML, technological advances in quantitative assessment of measurable residual disease (MRD) and their utility for assessing treatment response and disease risk
.
The efficacy of treatment response and disease risk, the development
of a range of novel therapeutic drugs.
The development of a range of novel therapeutics, as well as the development of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT), has led to new algorithms
for disease classification, diagnosis, and prognosis.
and the latest treatments
.
This report highlights these advances and updates their impact
on standard care and AMD clinical trials.
Standards of care and the impact of
AML clinical trials.

V.
Neurology (Click here to view the TOP list of the full neurology guide)

5th place:

Oscar Clinical Guide: Deep Brain Stimulation and Reactive Neurostimulation (CG050)

Brief introduction:

Deep brain stimulation is first and foremost a neurosurgical procedure in which electrodes are placed in areas of the brain suspected
of causing abnormal movements.
Another stand-alone device that generates electrical impulses, commonly known as a pulse generator, is also implanted
.
The device can then be adjusted to help address symptoms of some of the tricky movement disorders, such as Parkinson's, essential tremor, and certain dystonia
.
Program members with epilepsy can benefit from
another type of nerve stimulation called response nerve stimulation (RNS).
Instead of being placed in a deep region of the brain, the electrodes are surgically implanted into an area of the cerebral cortex, which is determined to be the focal point
of the seizure.
RNS devices then monitor abnormal brain activity and, when detected, provide electrical stimulation in an effort to prevent the spread of
epileptic activity.
This guide provides criteria and exclusions
for deep brain stimulation and reactive neurostimulation devices.

4th place:

Oscar Clinical Medical Guide: Hypoglossal Nerve Stimulation (CG065)

Description: For program members with moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) who cannot tolerate positive airway pressure therapy, hypoglossal nerve stimulation may be a treatment option
for OSA.
A hypoglossal nerve stimulator is an implantable medical device that reduces the occurrence of OSA by electrically stimulating the hypoglossal nerve, which causes movement
of the tongue.
This stimulation is synchronized with breathing to relieve upper airway obstruction
.
The hypoglossal nerve stimulation system is fully implanted under the skin and controlled with a remote control, so that the patient sleeps without being affected
by the device on the face or in the mouth.
The current FDA-approved device is manufactured by Inspire Medical Systems© and has been available
since 2014.
It has been in use
since 2014.

3th place:

2022 European consensus: diagnosis and treatment of MCI and the primary stages of mild dementia

Summary: Imaging and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers have fundamentally changed the clinical approach
to leading to cognitive impairment.
Many of these are widely used in clinical practice, providing morphological, neurophysiological, and molecular information
for diagnostic pathways.
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) tools are routinely used to measure area atrophy and detect cerebrovascular damage
.
[18F]-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) can detect suggestive patterns
of hypometabolism associated with early synapses and neuronal dysfunction.
β-amyloid 1-42 (Aβ42) or Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio decreases
.
The Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) decreases and retention of amyloid-PET tracer increases
.
An increase in amyloid-PET tracers indicates pathological deposition
of amyloid in the brain.
5 An increase in phosphorylated tau and tau-PET tracers in CSF indicates tau disease
.
An increase in CSF phosphorylated tau and tau-PET tracers indicates tauopathy, particularly in relation to Alzheimer's disease (AD).

2th place:

2022 International consensus recommendation: new-onset refractory status epilepticus includes the management of febrile infection-related epilepsy syndromes

Brief introduction:

1th place:

Chinese Expert Consensus on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Status Epilepticus in Children (2022)

Introduction: Status epilepticus (SE) is one of the critical diseases of the children's nervous system characterized by persistent seizures and may cause damage to the nervous system and even multiple organs, with an annual incidence of 17/100,000~23/100,000, and the national multicenter children's SE retrospective study conducted by the China Collaborative Group for Childhood Status Epilepticus found that the case fatality rate was 3%, and the remaining neurological dysfunction
of different degrees.
There are many causes of SE, and the goal of treatment is to quickly stop the seizures, and timely and standardized treatment can reduce the mortality rate and improve the prognosis
.

6.
Department of Psychiatry and Psychology (click here to view the TOP list of the complete psychiatric and psychological guide)

5th place:

2022 USPSTF Recommendation Statement: Screening for Anxiety in Children and Adolescents

Summary: In October 2022, the U.
S.
Task Force on Preventive Medicine (USPSTF) released a statement
of screening recommendations for anxiety in children and adolescents.
Anxiety is a common mental health condition, and the USPSTF has conducted a systematic medical review of the benefits and harms of screening for anxiety in children and adolescents, recommending anxiety screening
for children and adolescents ages 8 to 18 years.

4th place:

Expert consensus on suicide prevention and nursing interventions for inpatient depression in psychiatric hospitalization

Introduction: The Expert Consensus on Suicide Prevention and Nursing Interventions for Psychiatric Inpatient Depressive Patients was formed, and the suicide nursing interventions
for psychiatric inpatient depressed patients were standardized.
Methods Evidence-based methods and literature analysis methods were used to extract the recommended recommendations and research conclusions of suicide nursing interventions for patients with inpatient depression, and the first draft of consensus was formed, and the first draft was adjusted, revised and improved through two rounds of expert letters and two expert discussion meetings, combined with expert opinions, and the final draft
of consensus was formed.
Results The positive coefficients of experts in the two rounds of correspondence were 100%, the expert authority coefficients were 0.
924, the mean importance assignment values of each index > 3.
5 points, the coefficients of variation were < 0.
25, and the expert Kendall harmony coefficients were 0.
182 and 0.
260 (both P<0.
01).
<b12> 。 Finally, a consensus was reached on the operational definition of suicide nursing intervention for psychiatric inpatient depressive patients, suicide risk assessment, intervention form, intervention time, intervention theoretical basis, general principles of intervention, intervention intervention of suicidal ideation, intervention of suicidal behavior, key points of suicide nursing intervention for special populations, intervention effect evaluation and health education plan after discharge
.
This consensus provides a guiding basis for the intervention of suicide care for psychiatric inpatient depressive patients, and makes the suicide nursing intervention of psychiatric inpatient depressed patients more standardized
.

3th place:

【Chinese translation】2022 Expert panel recommendation: screening, diagnosis and management of Parkinson's disease psychosis

Introduction: Hallucinations and delusions that accompany psychosis are non-motor symptoms that occur at some stage in the course of Parkinson's disease, and their incidence is as high as 50% to 70%.

Unless specifically asked, patients and caregivers usually do not report hallucinations or delusions
.
A team of experts in neurology and geriatric psychiatry met to develop a simple screening tool and issue guidelines
for the diagnosis and treatment of Parkinson's disease psychosis (PDP).

2th place:

2022 WFSBP/ASLM clinical guidelines: Lifestyle-based mental health care in patients with depression

Introduction: In October 2022, the World Federation of Biological Psychiatric Societies (WFSBP) and the Australian Lifestyle Society (ASLM) jointly released guidelines
for the use of lifestyle-based mental health care in people with depression.
Lifestyle-based mental health care includes lifestyle assessment and intervention for health determinants in the prevention, rehabilitation, and treatment of mental disorders, and nine recommendations have been developed
.

1th place:

2021 Federal Bureau of Prisons (BOP) Clinical Guidelines: Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Treatment of Opioid Use Disorder

Description: Opioids are natural or synthetic chemicals that interact
with opioid receptors on nerve cells in the body.
Interacts with opioid receptors in the body and brain to reduce the sensation of
pain.
Historically, opioids referred to drugs
extracted from opium poppy.
Drugs extracted from the poppy (e.
g.
, oxycodone, hydrocodone, codeine, and morphine), while opioids refer to synthetic drugs (e.
g.
, tramadol, fentanyl, and methadone)
that are active in μ receptors.
Today, opioids are used throughout the μ agonist class, regardless of their origin (natural, synthetic, and semi-synthetic; Legal and illegal).

Prescription opioids include oxycodone, hydrocodone, and codeine
.
Morphine and synthetic opioids, synthetic opioids are designed to mimic naturally occurring opioids such as tramadol, fentanyl, and methadone
.

7.
Department of Dermatology and Venereology (click here to view the TOP list of complete dermatology guidelines)

5th place:

2021 Federal Bureau of Prisons (BOP) Clinical Guidelines: HIV Management

SUMMARY: All prisoners who are tested for HIV infection should receive pre-test counseling
from qualified health care providers.
Under the BOP's current policy, all prisoners who need to be tested for HIV infection should receive pre-test counseling
from qualified health care personnel.
Counselling should be conducted in plain language and in a language understood by the prisoner
.

4th place:

Oscar Clinical Medical Guide: Allergy Immunotherapy (CG059)

Introduction: An allergy is usually an exaggerated response caused by the immune system's highly sensitive response
to a specific substance.
These allergic reactions can be reactions to various antigens, including insect bites/stings or seasonal pollen
.
Symptoms include runny nose or congestion, watery or itchy eyes, asthma symptoms, rash, severe cases, allergic reactions
.
Most cases of allergy can be successfully treated with over-the-counter medications, although some may require prescription nasal sprays, inhalers, or oral medications to prevent and/or address symptoms
.
When symptoms are severe or do not respond to prescribed medications, a specialized treatment
called allergen immunotherapy may be needed.

3th place:

American Head and Neck Association Position Statement: PD-1 inhibitors for advanced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma

Summary: The Federal Drug Administration (FDA) approved the programmed death-1 (PD-1) inhibitors cemiplimab-rwlc (2018) and pembrolizumab (2020) for the treatment of locally advanced and metastatic cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) that cannot undergo surgery or radiation therapy, representing the first systemic treatment option
for this patient population 。 Overall, PD-1 inhibitors were well tolerated with few side effects, including diarrhoea, fatigue, nausea, and rash, with treatment discontinuation rates reported ranging from 5% to 7%, and treatment-related deaths very rare
.
Mortality events
.

2th place:

2022 Italian consensus: topical non-pharmacological treatment of eczema

Introduction: Eczema diseases (contact dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, and hand eczema) are the most common dermatology diseases, and this article mainly introduces topical non-pharmacological treatments for eczema to provide practical guidance
.
Eczema diseases (contact dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, hand eczema) are one of the most common findings in the clinical practice of
dermatology.
There is substantial evidence of structural and functional damage to the skin barrier in eczema disease and the importance of
interventions aimed at repairing this damage.
Although there is a great consensus on drug treatment, data on the roles, indications and utility of topical non-pharmacological treatments are relatively scarce Although significant research and progress has been made in the composition and technology of emollients and cleansers, there are relatively few
data on the role, indications and utility of topical non-drug treatments.
This often leads to prescription and/or improper use, increasing the personal and social costs of the disease, rendering these products useless and, in some cases, counterproductive
.

Discussed and compiled in a series of meetings by a group of Italian dermatologists experienced in the field of eczema diseases, this consensus document summarizes the epidemiological and clinical features of the "eczema family", explains the chemical/biochemical structure of emollients, cleansers and separators, and aims to help doctors fully exploit the potential of existing products, providing detailed and practical guidance
on the characteristics, indications and correct use of non-drug therapies currently available for the treatment of eczema diseases.

1th place:

Expert consensus on systemic Janus kinase inhibitors for the treatment of atopic dermatitis

Introduction: In recent years, a lot of progress has been made in the research on atopic dermatitis (AD) at home and abroad, and new drugs have emerged one after another, providing a variety of options
for the treatment of AD.
Among them, Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors have brought new hope
to patients with moderate to severe AD with their multi-target action and rapid onset of action.
At present, a variety of oral JAK inhibitors have been marketed at home and abroad, but there is still a lack of norms and standards for the rational use of oral JAK inhibitors in the treatment of AD in China, and many physicians have insufficient understanding of JAK inhibitors
.
Based on the clinical evidence of oral JAK inhibitors at home and abroad, combined with the practical experience of clinical experts, this consensus aims to guide the rational application of oral JAK inhibitors in AD treatment, improve efficacy and reduce adverse reactions
.

8.
Department of Rheumatology and Immunology (Click here to view the TOP list of the complete rheumatology and immunology guidelines)

5th place:

Oscar Clinical Medical Guide: Allergy Immunotherapy (CG059)

Introduction: An allergy is usually an exaggerated response caused by the immune system's highly sensitive response
to a specific substance.
These allergic reactions can be reactions to various antigens, including insect bites/stings or seasonal pollen
.
Symptoms include runny nose or congestion, watery or itchy eyes, asthma symptoms, rash, severe cases, allergic reactions
.
Most cases of allergy can be successfully treated with over-the-counter medications, although some may require prescription nasal sprays, inhalers, or oral medications to prevent and/or address symptoms
.
When symptoms are severe or do not respond to prescribed medications, a specialized treatment
called allergen immunotherapy may be needed.

4th place:

Oscar Clinical Medical Guide: Simultaneous Use of Biologics (Bioresponse Modulator Therapeutics) and Targeted Synthetic Anti-Rheumatic Disease Reliever Agents (tsDMARDs) (CG064)

Introduction: Bioresponse modulator therapy (biologics) is a special drug that targets specific parts of the immune system through genetic engineering, suppresses the immune system and destroys inflammation
of autoimmune diseases.
Biologics are also known as immunomodulators and cytokine inhibitors (anti-cytokines).

They are used to treat various diseases such as axial ankylosing spondylitis, graft-versus-host disease, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, psoriasis, and inflammatory bowel disease
.
They can also target specific cancer cells or mitigate the side effects
of cancer treatment.
Biologics can be given intravenously (through a vein), subcutaneously (injected into adipose tissue), or taken orally
.

3th place:

2020 Chinese Clinical Practice Guidelines: Screening and Evaluation of Spondy-Joint Enthesitis

Introduction: Enthesis refers to the part where tendons, ligaments, joint capsules, fascia and bone are connected, and enthesitis, which is the inflammation of these areas, is the hallmark and characteristic of
spondyloarthritis (SpA).
Persistent enthesitis leads to local structural damage, such as tendon injury and bone erosion, and subsequent repair can lead to attachment site formation and ultimately functional impairment
of the associated anatomical structure.
This article provides practical guidance for the screening and evaluation of enthesitis in patients with SpA to improve rheumatologists' understanding and awareness of enthesitis detection, and contains a total of 17 recommendations
.

2th place:

【Chinese translation】2022 ACR/EULAR vasculitis classification criteria: granulomatous with polyangiitis (GPA)

Introduction: The derivation of the granulomatosis polyangiitis (GPA) classification criteria has made methodological advances, moving from the "standard quantity rule" used in the ACR 1990 criterion (3) to a weighted criterion with threshold scores as shown
in the 2010 Rheumatoid Arthritis Classification Standard (14).
Because some items in the criteria list may be more distinctive, weighting criteria improve the measurement properties of
the classification criteria.
The previous 1990 classification criteria for vasculitis collected retrospectively on patient clinical data did not specify which items were relevant at diagnosis and which were important
in the later stages of the disease.
The classification criteria for the prospective collection of data from newly diagnosed patients should have higher surface validity and can be used as inclusion criteria
for future clinical trials of early disease.
This article provides an overview of the development and validation of the revised ACR/European Alliance Against Rheumatism (EULAR) recognized GPA classification standard
.

1th place:

Chinese 2021 ACR Guidelines: COVID-19 Vaccination for Patients with Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Disorders (3rd Edition)

Introduction: Of the two patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), one is expected to develop secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS) approximately 15 years after the first symptom onset [1].

After 30 years of RRMS, two-thirds of patients will progress to SPMS
.

9.
Department of Endocrinology (Click here to view the TOP list of the full endocrinology guidelines)

5th place:

Expert consensus on blood glucose management in patients with liver cirrhosis and diabetes

Introduction:In view of the high prevalence of diabetes in patients with cirrhosis and the increasing trend of cirrhosis associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, the diagnosis and treatment problems faced by people with liver cirrhosis and diabetes are becoming more and more prominent
.
Based on this, the Chronic Disease Management Branch of the China Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Association organized experts in the fields of gastroenterology, infectious diseases, endocrinology and other fields to focus on the classification of diabetes and blood glucose management in patients with liver cirrhosis, and finally formed the "Expert Consensus on Blood Glucose Management of Patients with Cirrhosis Complicated with Diabetes"
.
This consensus summarizes the prevalence, pathogenesis, clinical features and outcomes of liver cirrhosis combined with diabetes, divides liver cirrhosis combined with diabetes into four types, clearly puts forward the subtype of hepatogenic diabetes, and recommends the basic principles
of diabetes diagnosis, monitoring and selection of hypoglycemic drugs according to liver function in patients with liver cirrhosis.

4th place:

2022 Update - 2014 NICE Guidelines: Identification, Assessment and Management of Obesity (CG.
189)

Summary: In September 2022, the UK's National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) updated its guidelines for the recognition, assessment and management of obesity, covering the recognition, assessment and management
of obesity in children aged 2 years and older, young people and older adults.
In January 2022, the panel reviewed human testing evidence assessing the health risks associated with the risk of overweight and obesity in adults, and updated recommendations
for overweight, obesity, and central obesity.

3th place:

Diagnosis of glycogen accumulation disease type I.
a Expert consensus on treatment and prevention

Introduction: glycogen storage disease type I.
a (GSDI.
a) is a treatable rare disease and is an autosomal recessive genetic disease
.
Due to the insufficient activity of glucose-6-phosphatase due to G6PC gene mutations, glycogen accumulates excessively in the liver, kidneys and small intestine, and patients often have fasting hypoglycemia, hepatomegaly, short stature and renal lesions and other multisystem damage
.
The diagnosis of GSDI.
a needs to be combined with clinical manifestations, biochemical metabolism, genetic testing and other comprehensive judgments, individualized diet therapy can improve the prognosis of most patients, and the risk of recurrence in high-risk
families can be prevented through genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis.
In order to improve the ability of medical workers to diagnose, treat, prevent and control GSDI.
a, and promote the standardized diagnosis and treatment of GSDI.
a, combined with domestic and foreign research progress and guidelines, domestic multidisciplinary peers formulated this consensus
.

2th place:

2022 ADA/KDIGO Consensus Report: Diabetes Management in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease

Introduction: Patients with diabetes and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at high
risk of kidney failure, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, heart failure, and premature death.
This article provides consensus guidance
for the management of diabetes in patients with chronic kidney disease.
People with diabetes and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at high risk
of kidney failure, arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease, heart failure and premature death.
Recent clinical trials support new approaches to
treating diabetes and CKD.
2022 American Diabetes Association (ADA) Standards of Medical Care for Diabetes and Kidney Disease
.
The 2022 American Diabetes Association's (ADA) Standards of Care for Diabetes and Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Management of Diabetes in Chronic Kidney Disease provide evidence-based management recommendations
, respectively.
A joint group of ADA and KDIGO representatives reviewed and developed a series of consensus statements to guide clinical care
in the ADA and KDIGO guidelines.
Published guidelines are consistent
on CKD screening and diagnosis, blood glucose monitoring, lifestyle therapies, treatment goals, and medication management.
Recommendations include comprehensive care, i.
e.
medication
that has been shown to improve kidney and cardiovascular disease, based on a healthy lifestyle.
The consensus statement provides specific guidance
for the use of renin-angiotensin system inhibitors, metformin, sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, and nonsteroidal mineral corticosteroid receptor antagonists.
These consensus areas provide clear directions for implementing care to improve clinical outcomes
for people with diabetes and CKD.

1th place:

Chinese 2022 Update—2015 NICE Guidelines: Management of Type 2 Diabetes in Adults (NG.
28)

Summary: In March 2022, the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) updated the 2015 edition of guidelines for the management of type 2 diabetes in adults
.
The guidelines cover the care and management
of adults (≥ 18 years) with type 2 diabetes.
In this update, the panel of experts provides new guidance
on continuous glucose monitoring, primarily by reviewing the latest evidence.

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