Nucleic acid (nucleic acid)

. Nucleotides are
most basic and important components of biological cells, such as biomass molecules that are aggregated from monosomes. It is generally believed that biological evolution began with
nucleic acids
, because only nucleic acids in all living matter can replicate themselves. Nucleic acids are known today to be the store and transmitter of biological genetic information. The blueprint of a creature is encoded in its nucleic acid molecules. The nucleic acid was discovered in 1869 by F. Miescher in white blood cells of pus. He called it nucleocin. R. Altmann was named nucleic acid after he learned of its acidity in 1889.classification and function
nucleic acids are divided into two categories: RNA and DNA (
DNA
). These two types of nucleic acids have some common structural characteristics, but biological functions are different. DNA stores genetic information, replicates it during cell division, and enables each child cell to receive DNA with the same amount of dna as the structure and information of the parent cell; RNA plays a role primarily in the synthesis of
proteins
, which transforms genetic information from DNA into a protein-specific
amino acid
sequence.of nucleic acids
nucleic acids are nucleotides. Nucleotides contain three parts: nitrogen-containing base, nitrosaccharide and phosphoric acid. The base and the sugar form nucleotides, and the phosphates of the nucleotides are nucleotides. Dna is different from RNA, which is D-RNA, and DNA is D-2-deoxygen-containing (hydroxyl on two carbon atoms in the RNA is replaced by hydrogen). Nucleic acids are classified according to the type of sugar in them, and the bases of DNA and RNA are different.5' phosphate base of each nucleotide unit of the nucleic acid chain is connected to 3' hydroxy on one side adjacent to the nucleotide, and its 3' hydroxy is connected to the other side adjacent to the nucleotide 5' phosphate. In this way, a large number of nucleotides are connected to each other with 3' and 5' phosphate phosphate bonds, forming a long chain of polynucleotides without branches. The glycerin and phosphate phases in the chain are arranged and repeated over and over again, forming the main chain of nucleic acids, and the base can be seen as a side chain connected to the main chain. The nucleic acid characteristic is the sequence of nucleotides, in fact, the base sequence. Therefore, the base sequence is also known as the nucleic acid's first structure. The polynucleotide chain of nucleic acids is directional, with one end at the end of 5' (with or without phosphate) and the other end at 3' (with or without phosphate). When writing the first structure of nucleic acids, it is customary to omit small horizontals between bases from left to right, from 5' to 3'.can be used to determine the base sequence of nucleic acids by rapid methods. The first structure of many nucleic acids has been determined. Large such as tobacco chlorophyl DNA contains 155844 base pairs, small as tRNA molecules, the average contains more than 70 nucleotide residues. The polynucleotide chain discs of nucleic acids are folded into a specific spatial structure. More is learned about the spatial structure of DNA and tRNA. The structure of double-stranded DNA in the solution is basically in line with the famous double helix model.properties and determination
molecular weight of nucleic acids are tens of thousands to millions or more. It can be denatured due to high temperatures,
pH, and
of chemical reagents. The base heterocyclic structure in nucleic acid absorbs UV light in the 260 nm wavelength region, so nucleic acids can be qualitatively or quantitatively determined by changes in UV absorption values. Nucleic acids can also be determined by using the color reaction or phosphoric acid content of carboons..