Notice of Shandong Agricultural Technology Extension Center on Printing and Distributing the Technical Guidance Opinions on Disaster Prevention and Mitigation of Corn, Soybeans, Peanuts and Vegetables in Response to Typhoon "Plum Blossom" (Lu Nong Technology Crops One Word [2022] No. 12)

Municipal agricultural technology extension (agricultural technology extension services, digital agricultural and rural development, agricultural machinery technology promotion, agricultural comprehensive services, agricultural and rural affairs services, agricultural technology services, agricultural technology extension and seed industry) centers:

 

In order to actively cope with the adverse effects that Typhoon "Plum Blossom" may have on autumn grain, oil and vegetable production, our center has formulated the "Technical Guidance Opinions on Disaster Prevention and Mitigation of Corn, Soybeans, Peanuts and Vegetables in the Province in Response to Typhoon "Plum Blossom"
, which is hereby issued to you.

 

Shandong Agricultural Technology Extension Center

 

September 14, 2022

 

Technical guidance on disaster prevention and mitigation of corn

 

At present, most areas of corn in our province are in the milk maturity period or wax maturity period, which is a critical period for
yield formation.
Once waterlogging and lodging occur, it may cause a large loss
to production.
In order to actively respond to the typhoon weather, this opinion
is specially formulated.

 

1.
Dredge ditches and smooth drainage systems

 

At present, there is great uncertainty about
the transit path of Typhoon Meihua.
All localities should strengthen communication with meteorological, emergency, water conservancy and other departments, pay close attention to the path of typhoons, timely release early warning information, and actively make preparations for various responses
.
It is necessary to pay close attention to organizing manpower and machinery to dredge ditches before the typhoon strikes to ensure that the accumulated water in the field can be discharged and flowed away
in a timely manner.

 

Second, timely drainage to reduce the harm of waterlogging

 

For plots that cannot naturally exclude accumulated water after heavy rainfall, it is necessary to drain the water with the help of machinery to shorten the water accumulation time as much as possible; In the field soil water oversaturated plot, it is necessary to use mechanical trenching to drain the water, increase soil permeability, and promote the recovery of corn growth
as soon as possible.

 

Third, precise measures to reduce disaster losses

 

It is necessary to accurately implement policies
according to the impact of typhoons on corn production.
For plots with serious lodging of corn plants, the artificial harvesting of fruit ears should be organized in time after the typhoon, or after the mechanical entry conditions are available, the whole plant is mechanically harvested for silage
.
For the slightly inclined plots of corn plants, after the typhoon, unmanned aerial vehicles should be used to spray insecticides such as urea and perchlorofluorine, tetrachloranthamide, pyridazine thiophosphorus, and pyrazole ether esters, azole flucyclozoles, propylcyclotrosin and other fungicides to prevent the reduction of production
due to excessive humidity in the field.

 

Fourth, strengthen guidance and grasp the harvest at the right time

 

It is necessary to extensively mobilize agricultural technicians to go deep into the front line to carry out technical guidance services, vigorously promote the appropriate harvest, and try to harvest the plots that grow normally after the typhoon or are less affected after October 5, and harvest the high-yield plots around the 15th to increase the grain weight and make up for the losses
caused by the typhoon.
If it rains continuously during the harvest, it is necessary to scientifically select the harvesting machinery to seize the harvest, and use the drying equipment for centralized drying to ensure the quality of
corn.

 

Technical guidance on disaster prevention and mitigation of soybeans

 

At present, it is a critical period for the formation of soybean production, such as typhoons, which are prone to soybean waterlogging and lodging, which seriously affects the yield
.
All localities should pay close attention to the trend of the "plum blossom" typhoon, do a good job in scientific response according to local conditions, and minimize disaster losses
.
In order to actively respond to the typhoon weather, this opinion
is specially formulated.

 

First, flood prevention and mitigation technology

 

All localities should actively adopt measures to prevent floods and reduce disasters to reduce the impact of waterlogging on
production.
First, it is necessary to remove the accumulated water in the
field in time.
Timely removal of accumulated water in the field is a fundamental measure for
flood prevention and disaster relief.
It is necessary to deepen the drainage ditch in advance to ensure the smooth drainage of the field ditch and eliminate the waterlogging
in time.
Plots with poor drainage should adopt measures such as mechanical drainage or trenching drainage to timely eliminate water accumulation in the field and stagnant water in the tillage layer, reduce soil and air humidity, and promote the normal growth of
plants.
Second, we must reasonably topdress
.
After drainage, timely topdressing can be carried out to apply 10 kg of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer (N-P-K: 15-15-15) per mu, or appropriate spraying of foliar fertilizers such as potassium dihydrogen phosphate and urea to prolong the functional period of the leaves and reduce the impact on
yield.
Third, we must strengthen the prevention and control of diseases and
insect pests.
Waterlogging is easy to induce soybean root rot and rust, to spray 25% methoterine 800 times liquid or 2.
5% roccolac 1000 times liquid to prevent root rot at the beginning of the disease, spray 15% powder rust Ning wettable powder 500 ~ 700 times liquid or 75% bacillus clear wettable powder 1000 times liquid or 25% o-amide wettable powder 1000 times liquid to prevent and control soybean rust
.
It is necessary to focus on insect pests such as bee bugs, whiteflies, grubs, and twill moths, and can choose pyrazole ether esters, phenyl ether mecyclazole, high-efficiency cypermethrin, thiamethazine, chlorantranilipide and other agents for unified control
.
Actively promote green prevention and control technology, and place insecticidal lamps to trap adult insects such as golden turtle shells, cotton bollworms, and twill nocturnal moths
.

 

Second, strong wind lodging disaster prevention and mitigation technology

 

Heavy rainfall is often accompanied by strong winds, which can easily cause soybean plants to lodging
.
It is necessary to accurately implement policies
according to the period and degree of lodging.
Serious lodging occurs in the middle and late stages of soybeans, such as lodging level 4 (plant lodging on the ground), which will affect the future field management and mechanical harvesting, may reduce the yield by about 30%, and the conditions can be manually and appropriately lifted, two lines of support, increase field ventilation and light
transmission.
At the same time, foliar fertilizers such as 0.
3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.
1% ammonium molybdate were sprayed to prolong the functional period of leaves, reduce pods, enhance disease resistance, and increase grain weight
.
If the phenomenon of defertilization is found, the UAV can be used to carry out foliar topdressing 2 to 3 times
.

 

Third, hail disaster prevention and mitigation technology

 

Hail plagues can cause soybean leaves to shatter and reduce photosynthesis
.
After the disaster, the available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer can be applied to promote the resumption of growth
of soybeans as soon as possible.
At the same time, hail wounds are prone to disease, and it is necessary to spray fungicides and foliar fertilizer once 7 to 10 days after hail plague, and spray twice continuously to enhance disease resistance
.

 

Fourth, the remediation technology of the extinct plot

 

For plots of land that have lost production due to disasters, it is necessary to remove or make silage as soon as possible, prepare the land for sowing, and plant radish, cabbage, spinach, etc.
, to minimize disaster losses
.

 

Peanut disaster prevention and mitigation technical guidance

 

At present, it is a critical period of spring peanut harvest and summer peanut pod enrichment, such as flooding and lodging in high winds and heavy rainfall, which may cause greater losses
to production.
In order to actively respond to the typhoon weather, this opinion
is specially formulated.

 

First, timely drainage to eliminate waterlogging

 

All localities should clean up the ditches in the fields in a timely manner, drain the water as soon as possible, and eliminate the waterlogging to prevent peanuts and fruits
from rotting.
It is necessary to deepen the drainage ditch at the head of the ground to ensure that the artesian drainage is smooth
.
Mechanical drainage should be used for poorly drained plots to shorten the time of water accumulation in the field and reduce the loss
of production.

 

Second, foliar fertilizer spraying to prevent premature aging

 

In the case of waterlogging plots, summer peanuts with drip irrigation conditions can be applied 20 to 30 kg of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (15-15-15) compound fertilizer per acre; In general, 50 kg of 1% urea and 2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate mixture are sprayed per mu of foliar surface of peanut fields, and sprayed twice in a row to prevent defertilization and premature aging
.

 

Third, comprehensive prevention and control, prevention and control of diseases and insects

 

Coupled with high temperature and high humidity in the field, it is easy to cause leaf diseases such as white juan disease, leaf spot disease, and reticuloid disease, and all localities should strengthen monitoring and forecasting
.
When the sick leaf rate reaches 10%, use 17% azole flucyclazole suspension 45 ml per acre, or 20 ml of 30% diphenyl ether methozole propiconazole emulsion, or 60% pyrazole ether ester Daisen water dispersible granules 60 grams, spray once every 10 to 15 days, a total of 2 sprays
.
To timely control underground pests dominated by grubs and ground pests such as cotton bollworms, bridge-making insects, and twill moths, 15% indos suspension agent 10 to 18 ml / mu can be used, and water diluted 1000 to 1500 times spray
.

 

Fourth, timely harvest, reduce losses

 

For plots with serious flooding of spring peanuts and premature aging of the upper part of the ground, they should be harvested early to avoid rotten fruits and sprouts; Summer peanuts with good growth on the ground should delay the harvest to promote the fullness of the pods
.

 

Technical guidance on disaster prevention and mitigation of vegetables

 

At present, most of the autumn open-field vegetables such as Chinese cabbage and radish are in the seedling stage, and the autumn and winter stubble vegetables such as cucumbers and tomatoes are in the critical period of vegetative growth, and once they encounter high winds and heavy rainfall, they may cause lack of seedlings and damage to facilities, affecting yield
.
In order to actively respond to the typhoon weather, this opinion
is specially formulated.

 

First, do a good job of wind and flood prevention in advance

 

Typhoon transit may bring short-term strong winds, and it is necessary to comprehensively inspect the greenhouses of facilities and eliminate hidden dangers
.
It is necessary to tighten the film line, repair the damaged shed film in time, strengthen the old shed, and improve the ability
to prevent high winds.
The heavy rainfall brought by the passage of typhoons is very easy to cause water accumulation in the field, and it is necessary to dredge the ditches in advance so that the ditches and ditches are connected and the drainage is smooth
.

 

Second, as soon as possible to eliminate the accumulation of water in the vegetable field

 

The water accumulation time in the vegetable field is too long, which is easy to cause the collapse of the facility, the suffocation of vegetables, and the death of
the roots.
After the rain, we must do everything possible to remove the water in the field as soon as possible and minimize the flooding time
of vegetables, especially melons, green onions, ginger, etc.
After the flooding of the solar greenhouse, even if there is no open water in the room, it is necessary to open a ditch to drain the water, reduce the soil water content, increase permeability, promote the growth of vegetable roots, and avoid the collapse
of the wall due to excessive humidity at the base.

 

3.
Scientific repair of damaged facilities

 

Assess the extent of damage to the facility as soon as possible and scientifically formulate a repair plan
.
For facilities that can continue to be used after the partial collapse is repaired, measures such as replacing damaged pillars and steel frames, and using "cement piles + color steel plates" to repair the wall can be taken to strengthen the shed structure
.
Seriously collapsed facilities, especially old greenhouses with poor performance and great safety hazards, must be determined to be demolished and rebuilt
.

 

Fourth, strengthen the management of vegetables in the field

 

For vegetable plants that are lying on the open ground and stained with mud and sand, first cultivate soil seedlings at the roots, and then wash off the mud with water to promote their recovery
as soon as possible.
If there is a shortage of seedlings, the seedlings
should be replenished in time.
In the vegetable field where waterlogging occurs, the soil fertility loss is large, and the appropriate amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is applied in time to supplement the soil strength, and 0.
5% urea solution, 0.
3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution, amino acid, humic acid and other foliar fertilizers can also be sprayed to promote growth
.
At the same time, in the soil moisture period and timely ploughing loose soil, to ensure that the soil is loose and breathable, improve the vitality of vegetable roots, and accelerate the recovery of growth
.
If the weather turns sunny immediately after the rain and the sun is strong, it is necessary to cover the shade net outside the shed in time to do a good job of shading and sun protection
.
Harvest standards should be achieved in a timely manner to prevent rain and decay to reduce the value of
commodities.
Harvested plots can be replanted
in time according to market demand and stubble arrangements.

 

5.
Scientific prevention and control of diseases and insect pests

 

Vegetables are susceptible to disease infection after flooding, and it is necessary to spray a broad-spectrum bactericidal agent in a timely and comprehensive manner
.
Agents for the prevention and control of root rot, wilting or soft rot are selected for root irrigation or flushing to prevent the death of trees in the
later stage.
After the rain in the shed humidity increases, easy to induce diseases, to strengthen ventilation and moisture drainage, the use of smoke and dust and other dosage forms of pesticides to control diseases and insect pests, conducive to uniform application and avoid excessive
humidity in the greenhouse.