Notes on Tomato Cultivation

I seedling cultivation: tomato can be directly seeded, transplanted and cutted Generally, except for autumn tomato, other seasons are planted by seedling transplantation Although tomato cultivation in our county can be carried out all year round, it is mainly planted with winter tomato and Spring Tomato after rice harvest Winter tomato is planted from late August to early September, planted from early September to early October, and harvested from December to February Generally, seedlings are raised in the open Spring tomato was sown in the first and middle of October, planted in the first and middle of November, and harvested from March to May The seedlings can be raised in film covered or small arched shed, or in nutrient pots, bags or trays if conditions permit 1 Seedling land selection: The plot with flat terrain, convenient leeward and sunny drainage and irrigation, low underground water level and no Solanaceae crops planted in three years should be selected After the plot is selected, it should be turned over as soon as possible, and full amount of farmyard fertilizer, additional phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be applied, and fine land preparation should be carried out, and a seedling bed with a width of 1 m and a depth of 30 cm should be made The water content is covered with tiles, and then the seedling bed should be sterilized 30-50 ml formalin should be used for each square meter The forest solution is mixed with water for 3 L to spray on the bed The film is covered with film for 3 days, and then the film is uncovered After the smell is dispersed, the seeds are sown The mixture of 50% carbendazim wettable powder and 50% thiram wettable powder is 1:1, or 25% metalaxyl wettable powder and 70% mancozeb wettable powder is 9:1, 8g-10g / m2 and 4kg-5kg sifted fine soil are mixed, 2 / 3 of them are laid on the bed surface and 1 / 3 of them are covered on the seeds for disinfection 2 Select varieties with disease resistance, high quality, high yield, storage and transportation resistance, good merchantability and market adaptability 3 Seed treatment: the seed treatment shall be carried out according to the following steps: A sun seed: spread the seed in the sun for 2-3 days B seed soaking in warm soup: soak the seeds in 55 ℃ warm water for 15 minutes, stir continuously during seed soaking, and add hot water to keep constant temperature After 15 minutes, only stir the water without heating When the temperature drops to 30 ℃, stop stirring, and let it naturally fall to normal temperature C seed disinfection: after the seeds are treated with soup, soak them in clean water at room temperature for 3-4 hours, then soak them in 40% formalin 100 times solution at room temperature for 15 minutes, take out the treated seeds and put them in a basin and seal them for 2-3 hours, then clean them with clear water D seed soaking and sprouting: soak the sterilized seeds for about 6 hours, then pull out and wash them, and then put them in a sandbag, and put them under the temperature of 25-28 ℃ for heat preservation and sprouting When the buds are about to sprout, the temperature should be reduced to about 20 ℃ to prevent the buds from growing thin and weak During germination, wash with normal temperature water twice a day When 70% of the seeds are white, they can be sown 4 Sowing quantity: generally, 20-25g tomato seeds are sown per cm of land (about 6-7m2), 30-35g spring tomato seeds are sown, and 1 mu field can be transplanted 5 Sowing method: generally, sowing or drilling is used The width of the strip sowing is about 10 cm, and the row spacing is 6-7 cm After sowing, it is covered with fine dung or fertile soil, with a thickness of about 1 cm, and then it is watered with a watering can Summer sown tomatoes can be covered with a layer of straw or pine wool on the border surface, and then gradually removed after emergence 2 Planting 1 Planting period: it should be carried out according to the cultivation season and the harvest period of previous crops Generally, the winter tomato should be planted from the end of September to the beginning of October; it should be planted in the evening or in cloudy days Spring tomato can be planted from the end of November to the middle of January Planting in sunny days is convenient for survival After planting, the root water should be poured through 2 Field preparation and fertilization: after the current harvest, apply 3000-4000kg of rotten farmyard fertilizer, 50kg of superphosphate and 15kg of potash fertilizer per mu as the base fertilizer, then turn over the plough and smash the cudgel, and fine prepare the land Generally, the width of the border is 1.5m-2m, and the width and depth of the ditch are 30cm It can also be arranged into a border width of 1 m and planted in two rows; if the season is too urgent to turn over the plough, it can also be directly trenched and arranged in the border, and then the pond can be dug according to a certain spacing of plants and rows, and each pond can be planted by putting 1.5-2kg dry fine manure and mixing with soil 3 Planting density and method: according to the growth habit, variety and soil fertility, the planting density should be adjusted to the local conditions, flexibly supported and grasped, and the unlimited growth type of scaffold should be built, The density of single stem pruning is 2500-2800 plants per mu; the density of double stem pruning is 2000 plants per mu; the density of self capped pruning is 4000-5000 plants per mu; the density of non capped pruning is 1200-1500 plants per mu; the density of self capped pruning is 1500-2000 plants per mu Generally, the row spacing is 60-65 × 40-45cm, the row spacing of 1m border width is 80cm, and the plant spacing is 35-40cm The planting depth is suitable to cover the soil to under the cotyledons Generally, the oblique planting can be used to promote the growth of adventitious roots and the growth of seedlings.