Nine achievements in the development and utilization of feed resources in the world (3.28)

; In the past 10 years, the development and utilization trend and achievements of feed resources in the world mainly include the following 9 aspects: compound feed According to different breeds of livestock and poultry and different needs of nutrition in different growth and development stages, a variety of feeds and additives such as amino acids, vitamins, antibiotics, minerals and Chinese herbal medicines are processed into compound feeds according to a certain proportion, with comprehensive nutrition, which can greatly speed up the growth of livestock and poultry At present, the annual output of compound feed in European Community countries is more than 185 million tons; the annual output of compound feed in the United States is more than 150 million tons, the annual output value is more than 17.5 billion US dollars, the annual output in Japan is about 32 million tons, and the output of compound feed in China in 1998 is more than 55.73 million tons By making full use of agricultural and sideline products and some industrial wastes, food substitutes can be processed into feed or feed raw materials, which not only develops feed resources, but also reduces environmental pollution For example, crop straw, fruit husk and seed kernel, feather, bagasse, excrement of livestock and poultry, as well as the footstep material after slaughtering, etc can be processed into high-quality alternative feed for livestock, poultry and fish According to statistics, the annual output of crop straw in the world is about 4 billion tons, there are 700-800 million tons in China alone, and only 1 / 5 of them are used as feed At present, China's annual output of livestock and poultry manure is about 1 billion tons If 60% of it can be fully developed and utilized, it can save 520 million tons of feed grain and produce 250 million tons of livestock and poultry meat The development and utilization of food substitutes not only provide abundant forage resources for the development of grain saving animal husbandry, but also provide a reliable guarantee for further promoting the sustainable development of animal husbandry Microbial feed microbial feed is a new protein feed resource actively researched and developed in the world Its protein content is generally more than 30% - 50%, and it also contains many vitamins Crop straw, husk, industrial waste liquid and waste residue can be used to produce microbial protein feed At present, the commonly used microorganisms are mainly yeast, bacteria, algae and fungi Tree feed the tender branches and leaves of trees and sawdust after processing, which are rich in nutrients, can be processed into high-quality livestock feed According to the determination, the protein content of the leaves of Robinia pseudoacacia is 23.7%; the protein content of Robinia pseudoacacia and Lespedeza is more than 20%; the nutrition of pine needle leaves, willow leaves, poplar leaves and other leaves is very rich All kinds of leaves can be digested by fresh leaves and crushed by dry leaves and fed to livestock and poultry with good effect At present, China alone has a forest area of 1.91 billion mu, with an annual output of hundreds of millions of tons of young leaves and branches If it can be reasonably developed and utilized, there is great potential Mineral feed mineral feed is an additive needed for the production of compound feed It contains iron, selenium, zinc, sulfur, calcium, phosphorus, potassium, copper, manganese and other mineral elements necessary for the growth of livestock, poultry and fish It also promotes the growth, development, digestion and absorption of livestock, poultry and fish, prevents diseases and improves production performance At present, there are dozens of minerals used in feed industry, such as bentonite, zeolite, limestone, peat, attapulgite, etc The development and utilization of natural zeolite in some developed countries in the world is very fast, such as Japan, the United States, Russia, Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Canada and other countries, researchers have made good achievements The experimental breeds of livestock and poultry fed with zeolite include pigs, broilers, layers, cattle, sheep, rabbits, fish, etc generally, the improvement effect is more than 5% - 10% China abounds in zeolite, which has about ten billion tons of storage capacity, good quality and low price It provides a rich material basis for the development and utilization of mineral feed resources in China In addition, bentonite also has a large amount of storage in China For example, there are large-scale bentonite mines in Heishan County, Liaoning Province, which are under development and utilization The effect of feeding livestock and poultry is very good Generally, the improvement efficiency is about 8% - 12% At present, all countries in the world are researching and developing new plant feed resources For example, the United States has researched and developed the potential value of grain amaranth as feed; Japan is cultivating feed rice and wheat with high protein and lysine content; Canada has cultivated a new rape variety with low toxicity, with crude protein content of 30% - 50%, which is very suitable for feed At present, Japanese researchers extract protein from green leaves; the leaf protein concentrated feed made by New Zealand researchers through experiments has a metabolic energy of 10.14kj/g, a crude protein content of 44.46%, and an effective phosphorus content of 0.31%, which is suitable for chicken feed Some foreign experts are exploring the possibility of green algae as food and feed in the future The content of protein and fat in Chlorella is 50% and 10% - 30% respectively The nutritional value of Chlorella is 5 times of that of egg and 2 times of that of peanut kernel Spirulina, which is larger than Chlorella, contains 68% protein, three times of the lean meat of pigs In addition, it also contains fat, sugar, fiber, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, selenium, phosphorus, vitamin A, B1, B12, C, e and many other nutrients It is a promising feed resource The sample of Chlorella which was recently isolated and cultured contained 20% crude protein and 15.37kj/g effective energy Spirulina has long been used as the traditional feed for chickens in African countries and countries such as heixige Liquid feed liquid feed is a kind of improved feed product with strong pertinence Its appearance breaks the traditional feed concept Liquid feed is usually refined with molasses as carrier, adding urea (for ruminant), fat, vitamins, trace elements and other natural raw materials It can meet the needs of different animals or supplement the nutrients lacking in general feed intensively Its products are mainly of different types such as high protein and fat, which are used to feed various animals According to the introduction, the liquid feed has the following characteristics: ① the production process of "timing release" is applied in the production, which has the function of slow-release when feeding ruminant, and can avoid poisoning ② High mixing uniformity, avoid picky food, fast digestion and absorption ③ The product is convenient for transportation, storage and use It can be added to the compound feed for pelletizing, and can also be added to the grass or hay mixture for feeding ④ The production performance of liquid feed is 50% - 80% higher than that of solid feed, and the daily milk output of dairy cow is increased by 4 kg At present, the production of liquid feed in China is still blank China has abundant molasses resources In addition, the efficiency of using molasses as feed is higher than other industrial raw materials (alcohol, yeast, etc.), and it can reduce environmental pollution With the development of herbivores, the research and development of liquid feed has a broad prospect China feed industry information network 3a9 (author:)