New understanding of agriculture, rural areas and farmers

Introduction: Author: Lin Chufang Author: Lin Chufang e2k 1984  rural grain full warehouse e2k China's problem is essentially a farmer's problem This judgment is not only correct in the Revolutionary War era, but also correct after the founding of new China The development of Reform Prospect means to start from solving the farmer's problem in a certain sense E2k at the turn of spring and summer in 1978, Anhui Province experienced a drought once in a century In most areas, there was no rain for eight or nine months, and there were more people and less land, which was a natural contradiction The institutional limitations of the people's commune made this contradiction more prominent Farmers in e2k Xiaogang village can't wait Although at that time they were only allowed to contract production to the group, in a cold winter of 1978, some people proposed that "it's not good to do this (contract production to the group) and simply contract production to the household", and the ball was kicked to Yan Hongchang, the vice leader of the production team E2k "if you agree with my conditions, I will agree First, in the first two seasons of summer and autumn, we should first hand over the state's public grain and collective grain, and no one can pretend to be a coward Second, we are from the Ming Dynasty and from the dark We are not allowed to talk to the superiors or anyone outside the team, and the whole village is the enemy "An old man in e2k said," I think we should add another one In the future, if the team leader violates the law and sits in the class room because he lets us contract production, the farm work of his family will be contracted by our whole team, and the children will be raised from the whole team to 18 years old "So we swore to do according to these three rules We divided livestock and farm tools into lots overnight and measured the land In the morning, the whole part was ready E2k in the history museum in Beijing, the "cultural relics" with their fingerprints remind people that it was a very night E2k uses today's popular saying that the hillbilly are "touching the bottom line of policy "The result of this touch is the increase of farmers' income, the rapid spread of small post experience in Anhui Province, and the news quickly spread to the political center E2k on January 24, 1980, Wanli came to Xiaogang, "if you do this, the situation will be very good naturally I want to do this I'm afraid no one dares to do it If you do this, I support you "E2k on May 31, 1980, Deng Xiaoping spoke E2k "after the relaxation of the rural policy, some places suitable for contracted production to households have contracted production to households, with a large increase in production "Some comrades worry about whether this will affect the collective economy I don't think it is necessary "At present, the general problem in rural work is that ideological emancipation is not enough "With the promotion of the central government, e2k rapidly promoted the joint production contract responsibility system by July 1981 In 1982, Du Runsheng, then director of the rural development research center of the State Council, presided over the drafting of the first central "No.1" document with the support of Wan Li, who had been promoted to Vice Premier E2k's No.1 document of nearly ten thousand words has become famous for contracted production to households and contracted work to households The debate over the past few years has finally ended By 1984, Chinese farmers had the best life in history The result of e2k reform is that a mu of land has increased output by several hundred jin The incremental part can meet the needs of urban industrialization, collective economy and family E2k in 1984, when the country was full of grain, the farmers were jubilant Even people on the other side of the ocean knew that Deng Xiaoping had carried out the reform, "Deng Xiaoping did a good job! "In 1984, the 35th anniversary of the national day, the slogan" Hello Xiaoping "on Tian'anmen Square is the highest evaluation of the Reformers by the Chinese people E2k 1989: farmers are the cornerstone of stability e2k in 1984, the grain output reached a record, the extra grain was not consumed at once, from "having grain in hand, not panic in mind", to "selling grain is difficult" Wen Tiejun, a famous expert on "three rural issues" in e2k, was a young man at that time "The extra grain was not consumed by so many people at one time, so the storage was full and the price of grain was depressed In 1985, the grain output fell by more than 50 billion jin "When Du Runsheng visited the countryside with his leaders, he came to the conclusion that it was impossible to double the income by relying on the existing agricultural production structure, and a new structure was needed E2k "this new structure is to break the unified distribution system of agricultural products At the rural work conference in 1984, it was expected that the reform of the unified distribution system and the adjustment of the industrial structure would be the central task of the rural reform in 1985 "At this time of e2k, the farmers spontaneously adjusted their planting structure and started to grow cash crops such as cotton and vegetables, and the commercialization of agriculture increased At this time, the village collective also began to accumulate, and the "sudden rise" of township enterprises had a foundation E2k Yu Zuoming appeared in the late 1970s, "one person, one trumpet, all blow my tune, not my tune, not one." "With the collective accumulation of 100000 yuan, Daqiuzhuang bought the old parts from the rolling mill at a low price and saved them into 3 rolling mills In that year, it earned more than 270000 yuan, and in the second year, it earned more than 600000 yuan E2k since the mid-1980s, the iron and steel enterprises in Daqiuzhuang began to split and expand rapidly One enterprise has grown into several, and the production lines of steel strip, wire rod and pipe have been built one by one The "double track system" under the e2k shortage economy makes the steel's profits amazing The state-owned iron and steel enterprises are controlled by the state's mandatory plan, and most of the steel products produced are allocated at par And the steel products of daeqiuzhuang are sold completely according to the market price E2k with the rapid growth of the whole national economy, the demand for commodities in the era of shortage is accelerating The success of Daqiuzhuang shows that township enterprises at that time had institutional advantages over state-owned enterprises E2k on March 1, 1984, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council forwarded the report of the Ministry of agriculture, animal husbandry and fisheries on the new situation of the establishment of commune and team enterprises and renamed the "commune and team enterprises" as "township enterprises", expanding the scope from the two levels of commune and team in the past to the township, village, consortium and individual E2k township enterprises come from agricultural accumulation and feed agriculture quickly Farmers' non-agricultural employment and income increase have greatly stimulated the demand for urban industrial products In later words, China's economy has experienced a "golden growth" period A large number of rural surplus labor force in e2k is also absorbed by township enterprises, while the other part flows into cities in the middle and late 1980s Urban people begin to face these farmers who are not afraid of any hardship and can do any work E2k if delimited by time, before 1984, China's leading role was in the countryside, but after 1984, China's leading role has turned to the city, and large-scale investment has driven the high-speed operation of economic trains E2k at the same time, the lag of circulation system reform caused competition for various non food and agriculture products All the vassals joined the cocoon war, cotton war and citrus war In the late 1980s, TV screens were full of such reports E2k in cities, for reformers, the core issue is to turn the national pricing system into a market-based pricing system In 1987, the Beidaihe conference of the Central Committee made a decision on this matter, but in that year, the agricultural harvest failed and the price of agricultural products rose directly, which led to the rise of prices The term e2k inflation was originally far away from China, but we also fell into this strange circle after 1987 At that time, it was determined to adopt shock therapy and break through the price barrier By 1988, the price index rose by 18.6%, and there was a rush to buy in the city E2k at this time, under the inertia of the household contract responsibility system, agriculture, rural areas and farmers were not the main problems in China at that time On the contrary, the institutional benefits brought by rural reform made rural areas the cornerstone of social stability E2k's five "central No.1" documents since 1982 are undoubtedly the policy foundation for the rapid development and stability of China's rural areas From today's point of view, these documents have an important feature, that is, decentralization to the people E2k joint production contract responsibility system enables farmers to come out of the people's commune system, township enterprises enable some farmers to come out of the land, and in the middle and late 1980s, farmers were allowed to enter the city, so that farmers came out of the countryside E2k 1996: "three rural issues" gave birth to e2k's economic weakness in the three years after 1989, which not only made urban people uncomfortable, but also farmers uncomfortable From this year on, not only the grain could not be sold out, but cotton, oil, tobacco, hemp and tea were all overstocked in our hands E2k in 1991, there was a huge flood in Anhui Province, which did not drain until the spring of the next year This is the so-called "waterlogging" disaster No way, Anhui people's Congress went out to work In 1992, Deng Xiaoping's South talk was published The whole national economy took off again, and the difficulty of selling grain was initially solved The rapid development of the city also supported the "working economy", so migrant workers became a "tide" The term e2k "migrant workers' tide" first appeared in 1989 In this year, the unprecedented congestion of railway passenger transport during the Spring Festival has attracted attention from all walks of life Then, the media exclaimed, "the wave of migrant workers" came! The problem of e2k farmers' burden is also prominent After the abolition of the people's commune in 1985, 61766 township governments with their own independent financial interests and corresponding charging power were established, and the institutions for managing farmers also emerged These grass-roots institutions in rural areas have more and more stalls, which need farmers to support them E2k, however, benefited from the rising economy, the problems caused by the burden of farmers have not been obvious, and the subsequent reform in 1994 has had a new impact on "agriculture, rural areas and farmers" E2k with the development of reform, the central government gradually feels inadequate in financial resources In order to carry out macro-control, it is necessary to carry out tax sharing reform This reform will play a positive role in concentrating financial resources and accelerating the pace of construction However, the corresponding transfer payment system and the unified system of financial rights and powers have not been established in time, and maintaining the operation of rural grass-roots institutions increases the burden of farmers E2k 2000: migrant workers rush e2k the migrant workers' tide in January 2000 is fresh in many people's memory The city people think that the farmers not only spent the Spring Festival in a round land, but also spent the Lantern Festival in a bustling way, and then came to work in the city In fact, on January 31, four days before the Spring Festival, 4 million migrant workers swarmed out of Sichuan "Everyone wants to spend the new year with their relatives at home," said Liao Yong, a Suining migrant worker "But it's the fourth time he's been out before the new year's Eve These people on the train surprised the city From the first to the fifth day of the new year, the number of passengers arriving at Guangzhou railway station reached 554000, an increase of 58.7% over the same period last year There are strange scenes here: on the one hand, there are migrant workers sitting on the ground waiting to go home, and on the other hand, there are migrant workers carrying large bags and small bags just getting off the train E2k City People's life is not easy, economic growth has slowed down since 1998, employment opportunities have decreased, and a large number of workers have been laid off Some people regard the migrant workers who rush into the city as the burden of the city E2k "you are a farmer! The word "farmer" was originally a noun, but in the eyes of some city people, the word "farmer" can be used as an adjective! The city doesn't like them because they rob the city people of their jobs They give money or even rice to work E2k from 1998 to 1999, some cities began to stipulate: what industries are allowed to use migrant workers, what industries are strictly not allowed to use migrant workers, what industries can be used appropriately, and what industries are absolutely not allowed to use E2k's labor costs are rising rapidly, train tickets are increasing, car tickets are increasing, temporary residence permits are paying, family planning is paying And the farmers still have to run to the city E2k is the former party secretary of Qipan Township, Jianli County, Hubei Province, when the farmers are in trouble and the party and state leaders can't sleep at night for the "three rural issues"