New progress in the study of pollination ecology of Orchidaceae distributed in the northern edge of tropical China (please refer to this manuscript)

The formation and maintenance of high species diversity in Orchidaceae plants is influenced by the interaction of many factors, of which complex and diverse pollination patterns are important
.
The emergence of deceptive pollination, such as foodborne deception, sexual deception and mimicry of spawning grounds, or the coexistence of mimicry and reward, greatly promotes the evolution and adaptation
of orchid diversity.
In the orchid family deceptive pollination, an important evolutionary trend in pollination is the use of tiny diptera insects by orchids
.
Small diptera usually refer to small flying insects less than 5 mm in length, including the midge family (Ceratopogonidae), the family Chloropidae, and the fungus family (Ceratopogonidae).
Mycetophilidae) and others
.
Pollinated orchids by these tiny diptera insects are concentrated in the neotropical subfamily Pleurothallidinae and the Australian Diurideae
.
In the two-tailed orchid family, some species feed on fungi, or microscopic flies or mushroom mosquitoes that lay eggs on the fungus act as pollinators, in addition, orchids with gill-shaped stripes on the lip may mimic fungi attracting insects
.
However, the vast majority of species in these taxa lack pollination ecology studies, so the importance of small dipteras in pollination of orchids is underestimated
.

CorybasSalisb It belongs to the subfamily Orchidoideae, the family Diurideae, which is distributed from the Himalayas to Southeast Asia, New Guinea, New Zealand, Australia and some of its islands, with about 140 species; There are 6 species in China, which is the northern boundary
of the distribution of the genus.
The flowers of this genus are small, about 1 cm, with a small distribution and population in the wild; Its flowers resemble mushrooms, which have been speculated to be mimicry fungi and pollinated by mushroom mosquitoes, but because mushroom mosquitoes are extremely small, about 2-5 mm, flight trajectories are difficult to capture, and the frequency of flower visits is extremely low, so far, only Australian orchid enthusiast Rudie H.
Kuiter has taken photos of orchid plants pollinated by mushroom mosquitoes.
Pollination ecological studies of this genus lack empirical support, and the hypothesis of the orchid fungus hangs in the balance
.
Recently, the Wang Hong Task Force of the Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, carried out field work in the southern section of Gaoligong Mountain and discovered a new distribution of the genus Corybas geminigibbus in China, as well as C.
biconvex and C.
shanlinshiensis The habitat, flowering period and flower morphological characteristics of the two species were thoroughly investigated, and the observation and breeding system of pollinators in the wild was carried
out.