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In the context of global climate change, multiple environmental pressures such as overexploitation of fish stocks and degradation of aquatic ecosystems are increasingly threatening the sustainable production of food and the health of
aquatic ecosystems in fishery waters.
Among them, the rapid accumulation of nutrients caused by human activities has caused a wide range of ecological problems in aquatic ecosystems, and the resulting eutrophication has greatly changed the global fish community
.
The fish community is composed of species with different functional traits, and the functional traits of a species determine the growth, survival, feeding, reproduction, behavior and other characteristics of a species under specific living and abiotic environmental conditions, reflecting the relationship between species and abiotic environmental factors and the interaction between organisms, which directly affects the structure and function
of ecosystems.
However, few studies have explored how eutrophication as an important environmental filter affects the functional traits and functional structure
of fish.
Researchers from the Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences selected 26 shallow lakes with different eutrophication levels located in the Jianghan Lake Group in the Yangtze River Basin, and carried out continuous synchronous field quantitative observations from 2017 to 2019 to study the effects of eutrophication on the taxonomic diversity, functional diversity and functional traits of fish
。
This study confirmed that eutrophication is an important factor affecting the structure of fish communities, on the one hand, it leads to an increase in total fish biomass and a decrease in functional diversity, but it has little effect on species richness
.
On the other hand, the dominance relationship of different species has changed, and the dominance of a few species has increased significantly (Fig.
1).
Fig.
1 Mechanism of eutrophication on fish community structure in lakes
This study delves into the filtering effect
of eutrophication on the functional traits of species.
In the study of functional traits, the changes in the functional structure of fish communities were revealed in terms of fish life history strategies, feeding nutrition and habitat selection (Fig.
2).
Habitat degradation due to eutrophication, especially events such as biological blockage and underwater hypoxia, has led to many reliance on gravel habitats (e.
g.
stick fish, Abbottina rivularis) or bivalves for reproductive and care-care behaviours (e.
g.
subfamily and blacktip bas, Sarcocheilichthys nigripinnis).
) of fish decreasing
.
At the same time, eutrophication has significantly altered the food resources and nutrient structure of lakes, especially in the middle and pelagic lakes that feed on zooplankton (such as Toxabramis swinhonis) or small fish (such as Chanodichthys dabryi).
Abundance increases
significantly.
Overall, eutrophication reduces the diversity of species that are more affected by habitat degradation through environmental filtration and increases the functional trait homogeneity of tolerant species, leading to simplified fish community function (Figure 1).
Figure 2 Effects of environmental variables on functional traits of fish communities
The study not only reveals the mechanism of eutrophication on fish communities in lakes in the Yangtze River Basin, but also compares
the findings with relevant studies in Europe, the most studied region in the world on the effects of eutrophication on lake fish communities.
The results show that the effects of lake eutrophication on the trophic structure of fish communities in China and Europe are different, emphasizing the important role of differences in fish fauna caused by specific evolutionary histories in understanding the response of fish communities to environmental stresses.
This study provides a scientific basis
for the sustainable restoration and community regulation of eutrophicated lakes.
The study was recently titled "Eutrophication induces functional homogenization and traits filtering in Chinese lacustrine fish communities" in Science of the Total Environment (https://doi.
org/10.
1016/j.
scitotenv.
2022.
159651).
The research was supported
by the National Key R&D Program, the National Natural Science Foundation of China, the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the Hubei Provincial Technology Innovation Special Project (Major Project).
The research work was carried out
by the Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences in cooperation with the University of Toulouse III, France.
Feng Kai, a doctoral student in the fishery ecology discipline group of the Institute of Aquatic Sciences, is the first author of the paper, and Associate Professor Wang Qidong is the corresponding author
.
