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About 10,000 years ago, humans domesticated crops such as wheat, potatoes, rice, and corn, causing great changes
in human production and lifestyle.
Two of the world's earliest domestication centers emerged on the east and west sides of Eurasia, barley and wheat were domesticated in the fertile crescent-shaped zone (Fertile Crescent) of West Asia, while rice and millet were domesticated in the Yangtze and Yellow River basins of China, respectively, and the ancient Silk Road became the most important land passage
for East-West cultural exchanges in the 2nd century BC.
Zhang Qian's envoy to the Western Regions in 138 BC was a symbol of the opening of the Silk Road, linking East and Central Asia; After Zhang Qian's envoy to the Western Regions, the exchange network across the Eurasian continent was connected, linking the development of China and Central and West Asia with European countries
.
Crops are an important part of the exchanges between China and the West along the Silk Road, and have had an important impact
on the production and life of the people of countries along the Silk Road.
However, the transmission routes of some crops are still controversial
.
Recently, based on archaeology, genetics and genomic evidence, the Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, integrated the transmission routes of 207 crops on the terrestrial Silk Road, focusing on the analysis of 19 crops with genomic evidence (barley, mustard greens, lettuce, buckwheat, chickpeas, barley, wheat, dates, pistachios, vines, alfalfa, walnuts, broccoli, grapes, spinach, apples, cucumbers, mulberry, peas).
There is a significant conflict between the genomic evidence of the five crops of barley, mustard greens, lettuce, buckwheat and chickpea and archaeological and genetic evidence, and incomplete data and data (uncertain wild species, incomplete records of paleocultural sites and excavated artifacts, complex phenotypic variation, limited population size), differences in records at different time periods, and differences in data analysis techniques may be the main reasons for the
conflict.
Genomic evidence for 14 crops including barley, wheat, dates, pistachios, vines, alfalfa, walnuts, broccoli, grapes, spinach, apples, cucumbers, mulberries, peas is consistent
with archaeological and genetic evidence.
The relationship between the transmission routes of 19 crops and the terrestrial Silk Road was further analyzed, among which 4 crops, barley, barley, wheat and jujube, spread to China earlier than the Silk Road, mustard greens, lettuce, buckwheat, chickpeas, vines, alfalfa, walnuts, broccoli, grapes, spinach, apples, cucumbers, mulberries and peas Fourteen crops were introduced to China along the overland Silk Road, and the transmission route of pistachios is not well understood
.
The research was published online in BMC Plant Biology under the title Exchanges of economic plants along the land silk road
.
Article link
Figure 1: Transmission patterns of 19 crops along the terrestrial Silk Roads
a.
barley; b.
mustard greens; c.
barley and wheat; d.
walnut; e.
chickpeas; F.
broccoli; g.
grapes; h.
Apple; i.
Cucumber; J.
vine; k.
lettuce; L.
mulberry; m.
peas; n.
dates; o.
Pistachios; P.
alfalfa; q.
buckwheat; R.
spinach.
The short dashed line is archaeological evidence; Long dashed lines are genetic evidence; Solid lines are genomic evidence; The shaded part is the place of origin (original map from http:// bzdt.
ch.
mnr.
gov.
cn/ index.
html).
