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On December 17, 2021, New Phytologist published an online research paper entitled "Arabidopsis PUB2 and PUB4 connect signaling components of pattern-triggered immunity" by Professor Yiji Xia from the Department of Biology of Hong Kong Baptist University, Dr.
Yiping Wang He is the first and co-corresponding author of this article
.
The study found that the E3 ubiquitin ligase family proteins PUB2 and PUB4 play a key role in PTI signal transduction through their ARM repeat sequences
.
The innate immune system of plants can be divided into two levels: PTI and ETI.
Plasma membrane-located pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) sense pathogens or microbial-related molecular patterns (PAMP/MAMP) and activate the PTI immune response; nucleotides bind to Fuliang Amino acid repeat receptors (NLRs) recognize intracellular effector proteins from pathogens and activate ETI immune responses
.
The fine regulation of PRRs to downstream signal components and the dynamic interaction between PTI components are critical to the initiation of immune responses
.
U-box is a highly conserved domain in the E3 ubiquitin ligase family of yeast, animals and plants.
The Arabidopsis genome encodes 64 plant U-box (PUB) proteins
.
The team’s previous study found that the two members of the Arabidopsis PUB family, PUB2 and PUB4, can interact with three plant-specific heterotrimeric G proteins (EXTRA-LARGE G PROTEINs, XLG1-3), and showed that PUB2 and PUB4 loss-of-function mutations can lead to pleiotropic effects with many developmental defects
.
Recent reports have shown that PUB4 functions in PTI and interacts with PRRs and BIK1 (BOTRYTIS-INDUCED KINASE 1)
.
As a multifunctional protein, PUB4 can coordinate multiple signal pathways related to growth, development and environmental response
.
However, its potential molecular mode of action is still unclear
.
Transcriptome analysis in this study found that the expression of defense-related genes in the pub2/4 doublet was down-regulated
.
The accumulation of PUB2 and PUB4 fusion proteins increased significantly after PAMP treatment
.
The pathogenic and non-pathogenic strains of Pto DC3000 were inoculated and the phenotype observation after flg22 treatment showed that the pub2/4 doublet had significantly lower disease resistance than WT plants (Figure 1)
.
The ROS burst of this mutant was impaired after PAMP treatment, and MAPK signal transduction was inhibited, indicating that PUB2 and PUB4 are necessary for PTI and play an important role in the process of plant immunity
.
Figure 1.
The pub2/4 mutant has enhanced sensitivity to pathogens.
Truncation of the PUB4 coding sequence and dot-study analysis found that the Armadillo (ARM) repeat region of PUB4 plays an indispensable role in plant immunity and development.
Rather than the U-box domain or its E3 ligase activity
.
Further experimental verification results show that PUB2 and PUB4 interact with multiple PTI signal components, including FLS2, BIK1, PBL27 and RbohD, and can enhance the interaction between FLS2-BIK1 and BIK1-RbohD
.
The research was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, Hong Kong Research Grants Council and Hong Kong Baptist University
.
Original link: https://nph.
onlinelibrary.
wiley.
com/doi/10.
1111/nph.
17922 Plant Biotechnology Pbj Exchange Group In order to more effectively help the majority of scientific researchers to obtain relevant information, Plant Biotechnology Pbj has established a WeChat Groups, Plant Biotechnology Journal submissions and document-related questions, public account release content and public account submission questions will be concentrated in the group for answers, and at the same time, academic exchanges and collision thinking within the group are encouraged
.
In order to ensure a good discussion environment in the group, please add the editor WeChat first, scan the QR code to add, and then we will promptly invite you to join the group
.
Tips: When adding the editor's WeChat and after joining the group, please note the school or unit + name.
Please indicate the PI at the end and we will invite you to join the PI group
.
Yiping Wang He is the first and co-corresponding author of this article
.
The study found that the E3 ubiquitin ligase family proteins PUB2 and PUB4 play a key role in PTI signal transduction through their ARM repeat sequences
.
The innate immune system of plants can be divided into two levels: PTI and ETI.
Plasma membrane-located pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) sense pathogens or microbial-related molecular patterns (PAMP/MAMP) and activate the PTI immune response; nucleotides bind to Fuliang Amino acid repeat receptors (NLRs) recognize intracellular effector proteins from pathogens and activate ETI immune responses
.
The fine regulation of PRRs to downstream signal components and the dynamic interaction between PTI components are critical to the initiation of immune responses
.
U-box is a highly conserved domain in the E3 ubiquitin ligase family of yeast, animals and plants.
The Arabidopsis genome encodes 64 plant U-box (PUB) proteins
.
The team’s previous study found that the two members of the Arabidopsis PUB family, PUB2 and PUB4, can interact with three plant-specific heterotrimeric G proteins (EXTRA-LARGE G PROTEINs, XLG1-3), and showed that PUB2 and PUB4 loss-of-function mutations can lead to pleiotropic effects with many developmental defects
.
Recent reports have shown that PUB4 functions in PTI and interacts with PRRs and BIK1 (BOTRYTIS-INDUCED KINASE 1)
.
As a multifunctional protein, PUB4 can coordinate multiple signal pathways related to growth, development and environmental response
.
However, its potential molecular mode of action is still unclear
.
Transcriptome analysis in this study found that the expression of defense-related genes in the pub2/4 doublet was down-regulated
.
The accumulation of PUB2 and PUB4 fusion proteins increased significantly after PAMP treatment
.
The pathogenic and non-pathogenic strains of Pto DC3000 were inoculated and the phenotype observation after flg22 treatment showed that the pub2/4 doublet had significantly lower disease resistance than WT plants (Figure 1)
.
The ROS burst of this mutant was impaired after PAMP treatment, and MAPK signal transduction was inhibited, indicating that PUB2 and PUB4 are necessary for PTI and play an important role in the process of plant immunity
.
Figure 1.
The pub2/4 mutant has enhanced sensitivity to pathogens.
Truncation of the PUB4 coding sequence and dot-study analysis found that the Armadillo (ARM) repeat region of PUB4 plays an indispensable role in plant immunity and development.
Rather than the U-box domain or its E3 ligase activity
.
Further experimental verification results show that PUB2 and PUB4 interact with multiple PTI signal components, including FLS2, BIK1, PBL27 and RbohD, and can enhance the interaction between FLS2-BIK1 and BIK1-RbohD
.
The research was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, Hong Kong Research Grants Council and Hong Kong Baptist University
.
Original link: https://nph.
onlinelibrary.
wiley.
com/doi/10.
1111/nph.
17922 Plant Biotechnology Pbj Exchange Group In order to more effectively help the majority of scientific researchers to obtain relevant information, Plant Biotechnology Pbj has established a WeChat Groups, Plant Biotechnology Journal submissions and document-related questions, public account release content and public account submission questions will be concentrated in the group for answers, and at the same time, academic exchanges and collision thinking within the group are encouraged
.
In order to ensure a good discussion environment in the group, please add the editor WeChat first, scan the QR code to add, and then we will promptly invite you to join the group
.
Tips: When adding the editor's WeChat and after joining the group, please note the school or unit + name.
Please indicate the PI at the end and we will invite you to join the PI group
.
