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Humans and animals have a preference for high-sugar, high-fat foods, in part because they are high in energy1
The solitary caudal nucleus of the brainstem responds to fat signaling
The researchers provided both artificial sweeteners and fats to the mice after feeding, preferring to ingest the sweetener solution within 24 hours, but this preference changed after 48 hours — more fat intake, suggesting that the mice had a post-ingestion fat preference behavior2
Intestinal-brain pathways that do not rely on CCK to perceive fat
The vagus nerve is a key pathwayFigure 2: Intestinal brain axis signals that sense the three major nutrients
3
Intestinal-brain pathways that rely on TRPA1 or G protein-coupled receptors to sense fat
To further identify the molecular mechanisms that regulate fat-only vagus sensory neurons, the researchers found through single-cell sequencing that the subpopulation of vagus sensory neurons expressing transient receptor potential anchor protein 1 (TRPA1), G protein-coupled receptor 65 (Gpr65), mechanically gated ion channel Piezo2, calcitonin-associated peptide α (Calca) did not respond simultaneously to sucrose, fat, and amino acids, and may be involved in the perception of fat signalsFigure 3: Gut expression of G protein-coupled receptors sense fat signaling
summary
In this paper, the intestinal brain axis signaling pathway that relies on gallbladder tonkkinin sensing fat, sugar and protein, and the intestinal brain axis signaling pathway that relies on transient receptor potential anchor protein 1 or G protein-coupled receptorSGPR40 and GPR120 sensors GPR40 and GPR120 is found through viral tracing technology and single-cell level fiber calcium imaging
【References】
1.
The pictures in the article are from references
