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Researchers at Karolinska Institute discovered the function
of the release factor mtRF1 in the final step of mitochondrial protein synthesis.
The study, published in Nature Communications, reveals new insights
into the fundamental processes of mitochondria.
Mitochondria are specialized organelles
within eukaryotic cells.
They originated from a bacterial ancestor and maintained their own DNA molecules and gene expression mechanisms
.
Because of their importance in cellular energy metabolism, they are often referred to as "the cell's power station.
"
The conversion of energy is carried out
by large protein complexes located in the inner mitochondrial membrane.
The central part of these complexes is synthesized
within the organelle.
The synthetic pathway is unique, and many aspects of this process remain unresolved
.
The researchers applied a range of techniques, including ribosome analysis and newly developed in vitro translation analysis, to reveal the final steps
in protein synthesis in mitochondria.
"The mitochondrial genetic code is slightly different
from the nuclear genetic code.
We found that two non-canonical codons with unknown function were recognized by the release factor mtRF1 and terminated the translation of the signaling protein", says
Annika Krüger, a postdoctoral researcher at the Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics at the Karolinska Institute.
"This finding underscores that although protein synthesis in bacterial and eukaryotic cytoplasm has been well described for decades, we are still discovering the fundamental building blocks
of similar processes in mitochondria.
" There's still a lot to learn
.
Annika Krüger, senior author of the study, points out
.
