New antibiotics are effective against a wide range of bacteria

scientists at the Westa Institute in the United States have discovered a new class of compounds that directly kill drug-resistant pathogens while triggering a rapid immune response against antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The paper was published in Nature on December 24.
World Health Organization has declared antibiotic resistance one of the world's top ten public health threats. It is estimated that antibiotic-resistant infections could kill 10 million people a year by 2050, burdening the global economy by a cumulative $100 trillion. The list of drug-resistant bacteria is growing, but few new drugs are in development, creating an urgent need for new antibiotics.
"We creatively propose a two-pronged strategy to develop new molecules that can kill hard-to-treat bacteria while enhancing the host's natural immune response." Farokh Dotiwala, an assistant professor at the agency, said, "And attacking bacteria on two different fronts at the same time makes it difficult for bacteria to develop resistance." "The researchers named this new generation of antibiotics Immune-Antibacterial Dual Effects (DAIAs).
basic functions of existing antibiotic-targeted bacteria, including nucleic acid and protein synthesis, cell membrane construction, and metabolic pathways. However, bacteria can gain resistance by changing the target of the antibiotic, inferging the drug or pumping it out.
dotiwala and others have focused on a metabolic pathway that is critical to most bacteria but is missing in humans, making it an ideal target for antibiotic development. This pathway, known as the non-methyl hydroxypropypyl acid pathway, is responsible for the biosynthesis of isoprene compounds, the molecules necessary for the survival of most pathogenic bacterial cells. The lab targeted IspH enzyme, a isoprene biosynthetic enzyme, as a way to block this pathway and kill microorganisms. Given the widespread presence of IspH in the bacterial community, this approach may target a wide range of bacteria.
used computer modeling techniques to screen millions of commercially available compounds that bind to IspH and chose the most effective compounds that inhibit IspH function as a starting point for drug development.
the team demonstrated that IspH inhibitors stimulate the immune system to be more aggressive and specific than the best antibiotics of its kind in in-body testing of clinically isolated drug-resistant bacteria. In preclinical models of Glorene-negative bacterial infections, IspH inhibitors are more bactericidal than conventional antibiotics. All tested compounds have been shown to be non-toxic to human cells. (Source: Tang Feng, China Science Journal)
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