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Editor | xi Inflammation in the early stages of life, such as trauma and viral infection during pregnancy or childhood, significantly increases the risk of an individual suffering from affective disorders including depression during adolescence or adulthood.
The mechanism is not clear
.
Clinical studies have shown that the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) of the brain of depressed patients has decreased synaptic density and increased inflammation
.
Microglia are the resident immune cells in the brain.
Under pathological conditions, activated microglia are the commanders of the inflammatory state of brain tissue and are closely related to the occurrence and development of depression
.
Then, in the process of puberty that undergoes inflammation in the early stages of life, does the activation pattern of microglia and the changes in the regulation of neural activity lead to depression in adolescence? Zhang Zhi’s research group, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, has long been committed to the study of the structure and plasticity of neural circuits in neurological diseases.
The previous research has analyzed the neural circuit basis of the interaction between depression and anxiety emotions and pain (Nature Neuroscience, 2019; PNAS, 2019; Nature Neuroscience, 2021)
.
In the past, research on neural circuits mainly focused on the role between neurons and neurons.
However, there are a large number of microglia in the brain.
The plasticity of the neural circuits mediated by these cells under pathological environments and their functions are What are the frontiers and hotspots of current neuroscience research
.
On July 6, 2021, the Zhang Zhi/Jinyan research team and the Xu Lin team of the Chinese Academy of Sciences jointly published an article Early-life inflammation promotes depressive symptoms in adolescence via microglial engulfment of dendritic spines on Neuron, and found that early-life inflammation leads to adolescence in individuals During development, the microglia of ACC are susceptible to random stress events in life, and then over-engulf the dendritic spines of neurons, which weakens the ability of ACC glutamate neurons (ACCGlu) to resist stress, resulting in puberty Depressed mood
.
The paper established an inflammation model by intraperitoneal administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) during the key time window of mouse brain development (14 days after birth), and explored the ACC microglia during the development of mice from infancy to puberty (45 days after birth).
The pattern of response to stress
.
The study found that a variety of activation indicators of ACC microglia increased significantly after 6 hours of LPS injection in mice, and basically recovered after 24 hours
.
Interestingly, in the subsequent developmental process, a series of unpredictable stress events in life (such as weaning, cage separation, noise and fighting, etc.
) can lead to the reactivation of ACC microglia in LPS mice.
Obviously susceptible to normal mice
.
Neuronal activity-dependent activity changes control the output of animal behavioral phenotypes
.
Further studies have found that when stress comes, the acute increase in the activity of ACCGlu in mice resists stress and has a protective effect on the body; however, the persistent stress events during puberty development make mice with early inflammation experience ACC microglia are frequently activated, and the excessive phagocytosis of ACCGlu dendritic spines is mediated by CX3CR1 signal, thereby forming a long-term maladaptive state, that is, the activity of ACCGlu is reduced
.
In the end, ACCGlu's ability to be activated in the face of stress decreased, which weakened the body's response to stress challenges, thereby promoting the generation of depression in adolescent mice
.
Pattern diagram: Early life inflammation increases the phagocytosis of neuronal dendritic spines by ACC microglia, leading to depression-like behaviors in adolescent mice, Dr.
Cao Peng and Chen Changmao, Ph.
D.
students from the Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, China University of Science and Technology, and Dr.
Liu, an Anhui Medical University master student An is the co-first author of the paper, and Zhang Zhi, Xu Lin and Jin Yan are the co-corresponding authors
.
The research collaborators included Zhou Jiangning, Song Xiaoyuan, and Zhang Yan from the University of Science and Technology of China (with the neurology department of the First Hospital), Ding Yuqiang from Fudan University, and Wang Liecheng from Anhui Medical University, as well as transgenic mice provided by the Jia Jiemin group of West Lake University
.
Link to the original text: http://doi.
org/10.
1016/j.
neuron.
2021.
06.
012 Plate maker: Notes for reprinting on the 11th [Non-original article] The copyright of this article belongs to the author of the article.
Personal forwarding and sharing are welcome.
Reprinting is prohibited without permission.
The author has all legal rights, and offenders must be investigated
.
The mechanism is not clear
.
Clinical studies have shown that the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) of the brain of depressed patients has decreased synaptic density and increased inflammation
.
Microglia are the resident immune cells in the brain.
Under pathological conditions, activated microglia are the commanders of the inflammatory state of brain tissue and are closely related to the occurrence and development of depression
.
Then, in the process of puberty that undergoes inflammation in the early stages of life, does the activation pattern of microglia and the changes in the regulation of neural activity lead to depression in adolescence? Zhang Zhi’s research group, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, has long been committed to the study of the structure and plasticity of neural circuits in neurological diseases.
The previous research has analyzed the neural circuit basis of the interaction between depression and anxiety emotions and pain (Nature Neuroscience, 2019; PNAS, 2019; Nature Neuroscience, 2021)
.
In the past, research on neural circuits mainly focused on the role between neurons and neurons.
However, there are a large number of microglia in the brain.
The plasticity of the neural circuits mediated by these cells under pathological environments and their functions are What are the frontiers and hotspots of current neuroscience research
.
On July 6, 2021, the Zhang Zhi/Jinyan research team and the Xu Lin team of the Chinese Academy of Sciences jointly published an article Early-life inflammation promotes depressive symptoms in adolescence via microglial engulfment of dendritic spines on Neuron, and found that early-life inflammation leads to adolescence in individuals During development, the microglia of ACC are susceptible to random stress events in life, and then over-engulf the dendritic spines of neurons, which weakens the ability of ACC glutamate neurons (ACCGlu) to resist stress, resulting in puberty Depressed mood
.
The paper established an inflammation model by intraperitoneal administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) during the key time window of mouse brain development (14 days after birth), and explored the ACC microglia during the development of mice from infancy to puberty (45 days after birth).
The pattern of response to stress
.
The study found that a variety of activation indicators of ACC microglia increased significantly after 6 hours of LPS injection in mice, and basically recovered after 24 hours
.
Interestingly, in the subsequent developmental process, a series of unpredictable stress events in life (such as weaning, cage separation, noise and fighting, etc.
) can lead to the reactivation of ACC microglia in LPS mice.
Obviously susceptible to normal mice
.
Neuronal activity-dependent activity changes control the output of animal behavioral phenotypes
.
Further studies have found that when stress comes, the acute increase in the activity of ACCGlu in mice resists stress and has a protective effect on the body; however, the persistent stress events during puberty development make mice with early inflammation experience ACC microglia are frequently activated, and the excessive phagocytosis of ACCGlu dendritic spines is mediated by CX3CR1 signal, thereby forming a long-term maladaptive state, that is, the activity of ACCGlu is reduced
.
In the end, ACCGlu's ability to be activated in the face of stress decreased, which weakened the body's response to stress challenges, thereby promoting the generation of depression in adolescent mice
.
Pattern diagram: Early life inflammation increases the phagocytosis of neuronal dendritic spines by ACC microglia, leading to depression-like behaviors in adolescent mice, Dr.
Cao Peng and Chen Changmao, Ph.
D.
students from the Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, China University of Science and Technology, and Dr.
Liu, an Anhui Medical University master student An is the co-first author of the paper, and Zhang Zhi, Xu Lin and Jin Yan are the co-corresponding authors
.
The research collaborators included Zhou Jiangning, Song Xiaoyuan, and Zhang Yan from the University of Science and Technology of China (with the neurology department of the First Hospital), Ding Yuqiang from Fudan University, and Wang Liecheng from Anhui Medical University, as well as transgenic mice provided by the Jia Jiemin group of West Lake University
.
Link to the original text: http://doi.
org/10.
1016/j.
neuron.
2021.
06.
012 Plate maker: Notes for reprinting on the 11th [Non-original article] The copyright of this article belongs to the author of the article.
Personal forwarding and sharing are welcome.
Reprinting is prohibited without permission.
The author has all legal rights, and offenders must be investigated
.
