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Click on the blue word to pay attention when we encounter the deceleration of the vehicle in front during the driving process, we will immediately follow the deceleration to avoid a car accident.
Humans will adjust at any time according to the development process of things and make timely abandonment behavior.
This is actually a specific phenotype of cognitive flexibility.
There is a "go" pathway in the human brain: the motor cortex connects with the motor thalamus through relay stations in the substantia nigra of the striatum and basal ganglia.
The activation of this pathway releases the motor thalamus from the continuous inhibition state and makes the movement "dry".
However, the brain will not keep you dry.
It has a degree of relaxation in the control of movement, so there is also a type of "Stop" signal neuron.
The subthalamic nucleus (STN) activates the final output nucleus of the basal ganglia (medial globus pallidus and substantia nigra reticulum) to enhance the inhibitory effect on the motor thalamus.
March 3, 2021 (advanced online) The Ueli Rutishauser research team of neurosurgery at Cedar Sinai Medical Center in the United States published an article in Neuron for the first time to record the firing of fast-moving and stopped-moving neurons in the human subthalamic nucleus at the single-cell level.
activity.
Patients with Parkinson's suffer from the pain of being unable to move independently and being unable to control excessive movement.
For a long time, this paradoxical mixed-motor symptom has been thought to be caused by the dysfunction of the brain's areas that control the start and stop of movement.
STN and medial globus pallidus are clinically the main stimulation targets for deep brain stimulation to treat Parkinson's motor symptoms.
Go-stop training program for Parkinson's patients 19 Parkinson's patients performed go-stop training by manipulating the moving rod during deep brain stimulation.
About 44% of the patients were able to make a stop response correctly.Researchers summarize and categorize the reactions of these Stop errors.
The Fast-go type is to operate before the stop password is released, and the Slow-go type is to delay the operation after the stop password is not released.
The most outrageous error is failed.
-stop type, the stop password is completely hindsight.
The researchers found that the average time to obtain the stop password and respond in time was 480 milliseconds.
The longer the response time, the greater the probability of errors.
The average time to delay the execution of the stop password was 361 milliseconds.
During the go-stop training, the responses of 83 neurons in the STN brain area were recorded, and it was found that the activity of 32 neurons in this brain area increased during the operation, called go neurons.
They found that most go neurons had already started firing before the moving rod was manipulated, and the firing activity was reduced when the Stop signal was correctly received.
In addition, 47 of these 83 neurons are related to the Stop signal and are called Stop neurons.
These stop neurons can respond quickly while receiving the stop signal, which is very critical for inhibiting the upcoming action.
Through principal component analysis, analysis of the firing characteristics of these neurons found that in spatial position, go neurons are mainly distributed in the dorsal area, and Stop neurons are more distributed in the ventral area of the STN brain area.
In general, this article reveals that the neurons in the dorsolateral STN brain area are related to the go signal and are responsible for the selectivity of movement, while the neurons in the ventromedial STN brain area are related to the stop signal and are responsible for inhibiting movement.
This is for the use of deep brain stimulation of different sub-regions of the STN brain area or can accurately treat the mixed disorder of Parkinson's voluntary movement out of control and excessive movement.
[References] 1.
https://doi.
org/10.
1016/j.
neuron.
2020.
12.
025 The pictures in the article are all from the references
Humans will adjust at any time according to the development process of things and make timely abandonment behavior.
This is actually a specific phenotype of cognitive flexibility.
There is a "go" pathway in the human brain: the motor cortex connects with the motor thalamus through relay stations in the substantia nigra of the striatum and basal ganglia.
The activation of this pathway releases the motor thalamus from the continuous inhibition state and makes the movement "dry".
However, the brain will not keep you dry.
It has a degree of relaxation in the control of movement, so there is also a type of "Stop" signal neuron.
The subthalamic nucleus (STN) activates the final output nucleus of the basal ganglia (medial globus pallidus and substantia nigra reticulum) to enhance the inhibitory effect on the motor thalamus.
March 3, 2021 (advanced online) The Ueli Rutishauser research team of neurosurgery at Cedar Sinai Medical Center in the United States published an article in Neuron for the first time to record the firing of fast-moving and stopped-moving neurons in the human subthalamic nucleus at the single-cell level.
activity.
Patients with Parkinson's suffer from the pain of being unable to move independently and being unable to control excessive movement.
For a long time, this paradoxical mixed-motor symptom has been thought to be caused by the dysfunction of the brain's areas that control the start and stop of movement.
STN and medial globus pallidus are clinically the main stimulation targets for deep brain stimulation to treat Parkinson's motor symptoms.
Go-stop training program for Parkinson's patients 19 Parkinson's patients performed go-stop training by manipulating the moving rod during deep brain stimulation.
About 44% of the patients were able to make a stop response correctly.Researchers summarize and categorize the reactions of these Stop errors.
The Fast-go type is to operate before the stop password is released, and the Slow-go type is to delay the operation after the stop password is not released.
The most outrageous error is failed.
-stop type, the stop password is completely hindsight.
The researchers found that the average time to obtain the stop password and respond in time was 480 milliseconds.
The longer the response time, the greater the probability of errors.
The average time to delay the execution of the stop password was 361 milliseconds.
During the go-stop training, the responses of 83 neurons in the STN brain area were recorded, and it was found that the activity of 32 neurons in this brain area increased during the operation, called go neurons.
They found that most go neurons had already started firing before the moving rod was manipulated, and the firing activity was reduced when the Stop signal was correctly received.
In addition, 47 of these 83 neurons are related to the Stop signal and are called Stop neurons.
These stop neurons can respond quickly while receiving the stop signal, which is very critical for inhibiting the upcoming action.
Through principal component analysis, analysis of the firing characteristics of these neurons found that in spatial position, go neurons are mainly distributed in the dorsal area, and Stop neurons are more distributed in the ventral area of the STN brain area.
In general, this article reveals that the neurons in the dorsolateral STN brain area are related to the go signal and are responsible for the selectivity of movement, while the neurons in the ventromedial STN brain area are related to the stop signal and are responsible for inhibiting movement.
This is for the use of deep brain stimulation of different sub-regions of the STN brain area or can accurately treat the mixed disorder of Parkinson's voluntary movement out of control and excessive movement.
[References] 1.
https://doi.
org/10.
1016/j.
neuron.
2020.
12.
025 The pictures in the article are all from the references
