-
Categories
-
Pharmaceutical Intermediates
-
Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients
-
Food Additives
- Industrial Coatings
- Agrochemicals
- Dyes and Pigments
- Surfactant
- Flavors and Fragrances
- Chemical Reagents
- Catalyst and Auxiliary
- Natural Products
- Inorganic Chemistry
-
Organic Chemistry
-
Biochemical Engineering
- Analytical Chemistry
-
Cosmetic Ingredient
- Water Treatment Chemical
-
Pharmaceutical Intermediates
Promotion
ECHEMI Mall
Wholesale
Weekly Price
Exhibition
News
-
Trade Service
Click the blue word to pay attention to our lactating mothers, and they showed aggressive behavior of protecting the calf against their male or female companions, but the aggression of the female mice disappeared after the pups were weaned, and then entered another mating cycle to mate with males, so females The social behavior of mice exhibits reproductive state dependence
.
The ventral branch of the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMHvl) harbors a population of neurons that regulate both mating and aggressive behavior: neurons that co-express estrogen receptor-1 (ESR1) and progesterone receptor (PR)
.
January 3, 2022 David J.
Anderson's research team at the California Institute of Technology discovered that there are subpopulations of neurons in the hypothalamus that regulate mating and aggressive behavior in female mice
.
The researchers found through behavioral experiments that female mice that have not experienced sexual behavior (8-10 weeks old, virgin period) do not attack female or male companions; lactating period (2-5 days after delivery, lactating period) attack females or male companions, and exhibit courtship behavior during late lactation (3-6 days after weaning, post-lactation)
.
So are there neurons in the VMHvl brain region that regulate this reproductive state-dependent social behavior? Single-cell sequencing technology revealed that there are 27 neuronal groups with different transcriptomes in female mouse VMHv1 brain region, among which cell groups 1 to 12 differentially express genes Esr1, Npy2r, Dlk1 and Nr5a1, and cell groups 2 and 3 in female mice.
Mice were heavily activated during mating behavior, expressing only Esr1, termed alpha cells, whereas cell group 4 was heavily activated during challenge in lactating female mice, expressing only Npy2r, termed beta cells
.
Figure 1: Alpha-cell population activity correlates with mating behavior.
Fiber optic calcium imaging revealed that sexually naïve female mice were first sniffed in close proximity to male mice or during mating compared to first-sniffing female mice or toy mice.
The calcium activity of the α-cell population in the VMHvl brain region was significantly increased; in addition, the calcium activity of the α-cell population of these unmated female mice was significantly increased even by smelling the urine of male mice (Figure 1).
, which further suggested that the activity of α-cell population in VMHvl brain region is closely related to mating behavior
.
In contrast, female mice that had not experienced sexual behavior did not significantly change the calcium ion activity of β-cell populations during the process of sniffing male mice, and the olfactory cues of male urine did not cause changes in β-cell population calcium ion activity
.
However, when lactating female mice challenged other similar mice, the calcium ion activity of the β-cell population was significantly enhanced, while the calcium ion activity of the α-cell population did not change
.
This further indicates that the activity of β-cell population in VMHvl brain region is closely related to aggressive behavior
.
In order to further confirm whether the α and β cell populations in the VMHvl brain region are involved in the reproductive state-dependent social behavior of female mice, the researchers used fiber-optic calcium imaging technology to dynamically observe these two types of neurons in the virgin phase, lactating phase, and post-lactation phase for a long time.
Calcium ion activity of the population: When female mice were exposed to the same kind of mice, the activity of the β-cell population was lower in the virgin phase, significantly increased in the lactating phase, and returned to normal levels in the post-lactation phase, while the calcium ion activity of the α-cell population was low.
did not exhibit this change with the reproductive state transition
.
Figure 2: Activation of α-group neurons to promote mating behavior The above results were further verified by optogenetic technology: after photoinhibition of α-cell group, the mating behavior of female mice that had not experienced sexual behavior was inhibited, and activation of this group of neurons promoted mating behavior (Figure 2)
.
Activating this group of neurons during lactation attenuated aggressive behavior
.
Photoinhibition of β-cell populations can rapidly interrupt the aggressive behavior of lactating mothers, and activate this type of neurons to promote aggressive behavior
.
Collectively, we reveal that two distinct transcriptomic neuronal populations in the female mouse hypothalamus regulate reproductive state-dependent social behavior, alpha-cell populations that regulate mating behavior during weaning, and beta-cell populations that regulate lactation aggression behavior
.
[References] 1.
https://doi.
org/10.
1016/j.
neuron.
2021.
12.
002 The pictures in the text are from the references
.
The ventral branch of the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMHvl) harbors a population of neurons that regulate both mating and aggressive behavior: neurons that co-express estrogen receptor-1 (ESR1) and progesterone receptor (PR)
.
January 3, 2022 David J.
Anderson's research team at the California Institute of Technology discovered that there are subpopulations of neurons in the hypothalamus that regulate mating and aggressive behavior in female mice
.
The researchers found through behavioral experiments that female mice that have not experienced sexual behavior (8-10 weeks old, virgin period) do not attack female or male companions; lactating period (2-5 days after delivery, lactating period) attack females or male companions, and exhibit courtship behavior during late lactation (3-6 days after weaning, post-lactation)
.
So are there neurons in the VMHvl brain region that regulate this reproductive state-dependent social behavior? Single-cell sequencing technology revealed that there are 27 neuronal groups with different transcriptomes in female mouse VMHv1 brain region, among which cell groups 1 to 12 differentially express genes Esr1, Npy2r, Dlk1 and Nr5a1, and cell groups 2 and 3 in female mice.
Mice were heavily activated during mating behavior, expressing only Esr1, termed alpha cells, whereas cell group 4 was heavily activated during challenge in lactating female mice, expressing only Npy2r, termed beta cells
.
Figure 1: Alpha-cell population activity correlates with mating behavior.
Fiber optic calcium imaging revealed that sexually naïve female mice were first sniffed in close proximity to male mice or during mating compared to first-sniffing female mice or toy mice.
The calcium activity of the α-cell population in the VMHvl brain region was significantly increased; in addition, the calcium activity of the α-cell population of these unmated female mice was significantly increased even by smelling the urine of male mice (Figure 1).
, which further suggested that the activity of α-cell population in VMHvl brain region is closely related to mating behavior
.
In contrast, female mice that had not experienced sexual behavior did not significantly change the calcium ion activity of β-cell populations during the process of sniffing male mice, and the olfactory cues of male urine did not cause changes in β-cell population calcium ion activity
.
However, when lactating female mice challenged other similar mice, the calcium ion activity of the β-cell population was significantly enhanced, while the calcium ion activity of the α-cell population did not change
.
This further indicates that the activity of β-cell population in VMHvl brain region is closely related to aggressive behavior
.
In order to further confirm whether the α and β cell populations in the VMHvl brain region are involved in the reproductive state-dependent social behavior of female mice, the researchers used fiber-optic calcium imaging technology to dynamically observe these two types of neurons in the virgin phase, lactating phase, and post-lactation phase for a long time.
Calcium ion activity of the population: When female mice were exposed to the same kind of mice, the activity of the β-cell population was lower in the virgin phase, significantly increased in the lactating phase, and returned to normal levels in the post-lactation phase, while the calcium ion activity of the α-cell population was low.
did not exhibit this change with the reproductive state transition
.
Figure 2: Activation of α-group neurons to promote mating behavior The above results were further verified by optogenetic technology: after photoinhibition of α-cell group, the mating behavior of female mice that had not experienced sexual behavior was inhibited, and activation of this group of neurons promoted mating behavior (Figure 2)
.
Activating this group of neurons during lactation attenuated aggressive behavior
.
Photoinhibition of β-cell populations can rapidly interrupt the aggressive behavior of lactating mothers, and activate this type of neurons to promote aggressive behavior
.
Collectively, we reveal that two distinct transcriptomic neuronal populations in the female mouse hypothalamus regulate reproductive state-dependent social behavior, alpha-cell populations that regulate mating behavior during weaning, and beta-cell populations that regulate lactation aggression behavior
.
[References] 1.
https://doi.
org/10.
1016/j.
neuron.
2021.
12.
002 The pictures in the text are from the references
