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Self-grooming is a basic skill for animal survival, and it plays a key role in maintaining cleanliness, regulating body temperature and relieving stress
.
Excessive self-grooming behavior appears in diseases such as obsessive-compulsive disorder and autism
.
Tactile perception originates from the activation of the low-threshold mechanical sensor (LTMR) that dominates the skin
.
LTMR cell bodies located in dorsal root ganglion (the DRG) and trigeminal ganglia, including tyrosine hydroxylase TH labeled Class C LTMR, TrkB labeled Aδ-LTMR the like
.
On December 20, 2021, researcher Cao Peng of Beijing Institutes of Life Sciences, Ma Yuanwu, Institute of Medical Laboratory Animals, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Zhang Fan, Hebei Medical University, jointly revealed the brain-spinal cord sensory motor neural circuit that regulates self-grooming behavior
.
Corn oil (a sticky foreign body) was dropped on the mouth and face of adult male mice to evoke repeated self-grooming on the mouth and face
.
Knockout of gastrin releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) or transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TRPV1), which is related to itch sensation, does not affect the self-modification behavior induced by corn oil
.
By inhibiting trigeminal ganglion Aδ-LTMR, it can inhibit corn oil from causing self-modification behavior, but inhibiting class C LTMR will not exert this inhibitory effect
.
Branches of the trigeminal nerve complex The sensory neurons of the trigeminal ganglion project into the brain stem.
There are multiple branches of the trigeminal nerve complex, including the main nucleus of the rostral trigeminal nerve (Pr5) and the nucleus of the spinal trigeminal nerve (Sp5)
.
Sp5 can be further subdivided into subnuclei of the nucleus of the spinal tract of trigeminal nerve (Sp5O), interpolar (Sp5I) and caudal (Sp5C)
.
Through chemical genetics techniques, the above subnuclei were inhibited respectively, and it was found that only inhibition of Sp5C hindered the self-modification behavior caused by corn oil
.
In situ hybridization experiments revealed that Sp5C nucleus neurons express cerebellar peptide 2 (Cbln2), paralbumin (PV), cholecystokinin (CCK) and neuropeptide Y (NPY)
.
After the Cbln2, PV, CCK and NPY neuron activity was specifically inhibited by the cre tool in mice, only the reduction of the Cbln2 neuron activity hindered the self-grooming behavior caused by corn oil
.
Acute light activation of Cbln2 neurons in the Sp5C area induces rhythmic movement of the forelimbs, similar to repeated orofacial self-modification, and chronic activation of this type of neurons can cause this type of forelimb movement for up to 2 hours
.
These results indicate that there is a class of sensory-related neurons in the subnucleus Sp5C of the spinal tract nucleus of the trigeminal nerve-Cbln2rgic neurons that repeat self-modifying behaviors
.
Electrophysiological experiments and immunofluorescence experiments show that Cbln2ergic neurons in Sp5C are mainly excitatory neurons
.
Fiber optic calcium imaging technology found that the calcium ion activity of Cbln2ergic neurons increased significantly after self-modification behavior
.
In order to further clarify the input and output of Cbln2 neurons in the Sp5C area, they found that Cbln2 neurons were mainly received from the contralateral trigeminal ganglion, primary somatosensory cortex, hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus, and parathalamic nucleus through retrograde tracer virus.
Inputs such as (PSTh) and red nucleus (RN) were found to project to the contralateral ventromederomedial nucleus (VPM) and ipsilateral parabrachial nucleus (LPB) and spinal cord through the anterograde tracer virus
.
Regulating spinal←Sp5C Cbln2 loop The spinal cord is an important area that controls the movement of the forelimbs
.
Researchers use viruses to specifically activate the spinal cord to receive Sp5C Cbln2 neuronal input (spinal←Sp5C Cbln2 loop), which can cause self-modification-like forelimb movement, inhibiting the neural circuit can hinder corn oil or plantar electric shocks.
Self-grooming behavior
.
Fiber optic calcium imaging technology further confirmed that spinal←Sp5C Cbln2rgic neurons have a significant increase in calcium ion activity in the self-modification behavior induced by corn oil
.
Further immunofluorescence experiments found that spinal←Sp5C Cbln2rgic neurons integrate input from trigeminal ganglion TrkB-positive neurons, TRPV1-positive neurons, and corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) neurons in the paraventricular nucleus
.
In summary, this article reveals that the spinal trigeminal ganglion has a type of specific neuron Sp5C Cbln2rgic neurons that regulates the self-modification behavior of mice.
This neuron receives input from spinal motor neurons, explaining how the brain is Coordinating the spinal cord to complete self-modification behavior
.
[References] 1.
https://doi.
org/10.
1016/j.
neuron.
2021.
11.
028 The pictures in the text are from the references
Self-grooming is a basic skill for animal survival, and it plays a key role in maintaining cleanliness, regulating body temperature and relieving stress
.
Excessive self-grooming behavior appears in diseases such as obsessive-compulsive disorder and autism
.
Tactile perception originates from the activation of the low-threshold mechanical sensor (LTMR) that dominates the skin
.
LTMR cell bodies located in dorsal root ganglion (the DRG) and trigeminal ganglia, including tyrosine hydroxylase TH labeled Class C LTMR, TrkB labeled Aδ-LTMR the like
.
On December 20, 2021, researcher Cao Peng of Beijing Institutes of Life Sciences, Ma Yuanwu, Institute of Medical Laboratory Animals, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Zhang Fan, Hebei Medical University, jointly revealed the brain-spinal cord sensory motor neural circuit that regulates self-grooming behavior
.
Corn oil (a sticky foreign body) was dropped on the mouth and face of adult male mice to evoke repeated self-grooming on the mouth and face
.
Knockout of gastrin releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) or transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TRPV1), which is related to itch sensation, does not affect the self-modification behavior induced by corn oil
.
By inhibiting trigeminal ganglion Aδ-LTMR, it can inhibit corn oil from causing self-modification behavior, but inhibiting class C LTMR will not exert this inhibitory effect
.
Branches of the trigeminal nerve complex The sensory neurons of the trigeminal ganglion project into the brain stem.
There are multiple branches of the trigeminal nerve complex, including the main nucleus of the rostral trigeminal nerve (Pr5) and the nucleus of the spinal trigeminal nerve (Sp5)
.
Sp5 can be further subdivided into subnuclei of the nucleus of the spinal tract of trigeminal nerve (Sp5O), interpolar (Sp5I) and caudal (Sp5C)
.
Through chemical genetics techniques, the above subnuclei were inhibited respectively, and it was found that only inhibition of Sp5C hindered the self-modification behavior caused by corn oil
.
In situ hybridization experiments revealed that Sp5C nucleus neurons express cerebellar peptide 2 (Cbln2), paralbumin (PV), cholecystokinin (CCK) and neuropeptide Y (NPY)
.
After the Cbln2, PV, CCK and NPY neuron activity was specifically inhibited by the cre tool in mice, only the reduction of the Cbln2 neuron activity hindered the self-grooming behavior caused by corn oil
.
Acute light activation of Cbln2 neurons in the Sp5C area induces rhythmic movement of the forelimbs, similar to repeated orofacial self-modification, and chronic activation of this type of neurons can cause this type of forelimb movement for up to 2 hours
.
These results indicate that there is a class of sensory-related neurons in the subnucleus Sp5C of the spinal tract nucleus of the trigeminal nerve-Cbln2rgic neurons that repeat self-modifying behaviors
.
Electrophysiological experiments and immunofluorescence experiments show that Cbln2ergic neurons in Sp5C are mainly excitatory neurons
.
Fiber optic calcium imaging technology found that the calcium ion activity of Cbln2ergic neurons increased significantly after self-modification behavior
.
In order to further clarify the input and output of Cbln2 neurons in the Sp5C area, they found that Cbln2 neurons were mainly received from the contralateral trigeminal ganglion, primary somatosensory cortex, hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus, and parathalamic nucleus through retrograde tracer virus.
Inputs such as (PSTh) and red nucleus (RN) were found to project to the contralateral ventromederomedial nucleus (VPM) and ipsilateral parabrachial nucleus (LPB) and spinal cord through the anterograde tracer virus
.
Regulating spinal←Sp5C Cbln2 loop The spinal cord is an important area that controls the movement of the forelimbs
.
Researchers use viruses to specifically activate the spinal cord to receive Sp5C Cbln2 neuronal input (spinal←Sp5C Cbln2 loop), which can cause self-modification-like forelimb movement, inhibiting the neural circuit can hinder corn oil or plantar electric shocks.
Self-grooming behavior
.
Fiber optic calcium imaging technology further confirmed that spinal←Sp5C Cbln2rgic neurons have a significant increase in calcium ion activity in the self-modification behavior induced by corn oil
.
Further immunofluorescence experiments found that spinal←Sp5C Cbln2rgic neurons integrate input from trigeminal ganglion TrkB-positive neurons, TRPV1-positive neurons, and corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) neurons in the paraventricular nucleus
.
In summary, this article reveals that the spinal trigeminal ganglion has a type of specific neuron Sp5C Cbln2rgic neurons that regulates the self-modification behavior of mice.
This neuron receives input from spinal motor neurons, explaining how the brain is Coordinating the spinal cord to complete self-modification behavior
.
[References] 1.
https://doi.
org/10.
1016/j.
neuron.
2021.
11.
028 The pictures in the text are from the references
