Nearly 80,000 people in 15 years: Gallstones may increase risk of liver and pancreatic cancer

May 30, 2020 / Bio valley BIOON / -- Gallstones, also known as gallstone disease, is caused by a disease caused by gallbladder system including gallbladder or bile ducts; Researchers believe that the incidence of gallbladder stones and diet, lifestyle habits and individual differences, now people's cholesterol intake more and more, fried food intake, may increase the cholesterol concentration in the gallbladder bile, the higher the concentration, the more easily the formation of crystallization, crystallization deposits over a period of time to form cholesterol polypsIn addition, do not eat breakfast or diet irregular, bile can not be drained, long time stranded in the gallbladder and become viscous, will produce crystals attached to the gallbladder wall, causing gallbladder polyps, induced gallbladderitisPhoto credit: Xinyu Zhao, et alLiver International, doi: 10.1111/liv.14456 Gastrointestinal cancer is the world's deadliest type of cancer, according to global cancer data 2018, 5 of the top 10 cancer types that cause human deaths are gastrointestinal cancers, including colorectal cancer, stomach cancer, liver cancer, esophageal cancer and pancreatic cancer, and 4 of the five major cancer types of cancer-related deaths in China are gastrointestinal cancers in womenAlthough the risk factors for induced gastrointestinal cancer vary from site to region, common risk factors such as metabolic syndrome and chronic inflammation persist, and the in-depth analysis of common risk factors for gastrointestinal cancer, and cancer screening in high-risk populations may help prevent the development of gastrointestinal cancer in populationsGallstones are not just a disease that occurs in the gallbladder or the bile ducts themselves, it can also cause other health problems, including gastrointestinal cancer, and it can also induce chronic inflammation of the gallbladder, which in turn can lead to secondary infections in the intestines, which eventually lead to cancerVery few studies have found a risk of developing gastrointestinal cancer in patients with gallstones found by screening, and a recent study published in the international journal Liver International entitled "Screen-detected gallstone disease and risk and liver and channel cancer: The Kailuan Cohort Study" was published by scientists from institutions such as the Beijing Concord School of Medicine, using an open queue study to analyze the association between gallstones found by screening and gastrointestinal cancerIn the study, 79,809 men who had gallbladder ultrasound scans and were not cancer-related in 2006 and did not develop gastrointestinal cancer for a year of the study, used a time-scale Cox proportional risk model to assess the association between gallstone disease found in screening and individual gastrointestinal cancerDuring the study period, the researchers found 1,264 cases of gastrointestinal cancer, of which 303 were liver cancer and 94 were pancreatic cancer, and the researchers said that the gallstones detected in screening increased the risk of liver cancer in individuals, with a risk ratio (HR) of 2.28 (95 percent) of confidence intervals (): CI 1.20-4.33, P-0.012), which was affected by the hepatitis B virus antigen statusIn addition, the researchers did not observe a significant positive correlation between gallstones and pancreatic cancer risk (HR 2.19,95% CI: 0.95-5.05, P-0.065), however, HR became very significant after the exclusion of diabetics (HR was 2.60, 95% CI:1.12-6.01, P-0.026)The researchers point out that gallstone disease found in screening may help predict the risk of liver and pancreatic cancer, as well as risk factors for liver and pancreatic cancer; gallstones block the flow of bile through the gallbladder, leading to the accumulation of bile acid, which basic medical studies suggest may promote liver cancer through a variety of mechanismsFirst, bile acid slowly induces metabolic transformation of liver cells, such as selective growth of liver cells that are resistant to apoptosis, and second, long-term exposure to excess bile acid increases oxidative stress in the liver, leading to DNA and mitochondrial damage, as well as damage to the cell membrane of the liver cells, which eventually causes liver cancerIncreased levels of bile acid in the liver are the cause of the loss of the anti-inflammatory effect of the Fenyster X receptor (FXR) receptor (FXR), and another mechanism by which bile acid promotes the occurrence of liver cancerIn addition, the study explains a non-significant positive correlation between gallstone disease and pancreatic cancer, which is significantly associated when people with diabetes are excluded; however, a population-based cohort study in Denmark did not find a link between screening for gallstone disease and pancreatic cancer, most notably because researchers did not include a large enough sample to explore the link between gallstone and rare northern hemisphere cancersIn this study, the researchers found a link between gallstones and pancreatic cancer, perhaps in part because of increased gallstone-driven bile acid secretion and bile acid reflux in the bile ducts, where bile acid reflux into the pancreas and epithelial cells, eventually leading to chronic pancreatitis, which in turn promotes the dedifferentiation of adenoid cells into progenitor cell tube cells, followed by pancreatic cancerGallstones play a variety of roles in the metabolism of carbohydrates, triglycerides, and sterols, which may increase the circulatory levels of gallbladder shrinkins involved in stimulating the growth of pancreatic cancer cells, which in turn initiates the development of pancreatic cancer, and later researchers need further oncology and physiology studies to reveal the association between gallstones and pancreatic cancerImage source: Iran Daily researchers have also found a clear association between gallbladder removal and small bowel cancer in patients, and while gallbladder removal improves the inflammatory state associated with gallstones, it can also expose the small intestine to high levels of bile acid, which can affect the risk of small bowel cancer by altering the shape of the small intestine mucosa and stimulating the proliferation of epithelial cellsIn this study, the researchers also did not observe a link between gallstones and individuals with esophageal and stomach cancerFinally, the researchers note that the results of this large-scale population-based cohort study suggest that screening for gallstone disease may increase an individual's risk of liver and pancreatic cancer, and that the association between gallstones and liver cancer risk is influenced by the state of hinge infection in the individual body, and that later researchers need to conduct larger cohort studies to confirm whether screening gallstones can be a risk factor for liver and pancreatic cancer, which is critical for later scientists to develop preventive strategies for both cancersSo how do we prevent liver and pancreatic cancer in our daily lives? In recent years, scientists have made several major discoveries, such as a study published in the Journal of Oncology, which found that eating more whole grains or effectively reducing the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the U.Sadult population, and a study published in the journal Journal of HepatologyThe study found that exercise can help prevent liver cell cancer in the population, and researchers from The Massachusetts General Hospital and others, published in the journal NEJM, found that low-dose aspirin significantly reduced the risk of liver cancer in people for 10 yearsEarlier, researchers from the University of Colorado found that bitter melon juice was able to inhibit pancreatic cancer progression by limiting the ability of pancreatic cancer cells to metabolize glucoseThe study found that green tea was expected to reduce the risk of pancreatic cancer in people, and scientists in the United States found that the incidence of pancreatic cancer in people with less light would be higher, perhaps related to the synthesis of vitamin D, a vitamin D deficiency that may be an important factor in promoting pancreatic cancerIt is believed that with the further research of scientists, we may be able to get more preventive measures to prevent the occurrence of liver and pancreatic cancer(BioValleyBioon.com) References: 1Xinyu Zhao, Na Wang, Yuanyuan Sun, et alScreen-detected gallstone disease and risk of liver and prc cancer: The Kailuan Cohort Study, Liver International, 06 April 2020, doi: 10.1111/liv.14456 2 Wanshui, Yang Yanan Ma, Yue Liu, etFebruary 21, 2019Doi: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2018.7159 (3) Arfianti Arfianti, Sharon Pok, Vanessa Barn, et alExercise retards hepatocatesis in mice mice oedi of weight, Journal of hepatology (2020)doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2020.02.006 4 Tracey GSimon, Ann-Sofi Duberg, Soo Aleman, et al Association of aspirin with hepatocellular Carcinoma and Liver-Related Mortality, New England Journal of Medicine (2020) doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1912035 5 Manjinder Kaur, Gagan Deep, Anil K Jain, et al Bitter melon juice activates energy sensor AMP-activated activated protein kinase causinging apoptotic death of human hubc carcin cells, Catesis (2013) doi: 10.1093/ carcin/bgt081 6' Qing-Yi Lu, Lifeng Zhang, Jennifer K Yee, et al Blythes of LDHA Arinhibiton by epigallocateg gallate and oxamate in MIA PaCa-2 panc cells Metabolomics (2014) doi: 10.1007/s11306-014-0672-8 7 Cedric F Garland, Raphael E Cuomo, Edward D Gorham, et al Cloud cover-adjusted-ultraviolet Bradiandandandandandanda and The Journal of Steroid Sephary and Molecular Biology, 2015; doi: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2015.04.004