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For the past ten years, cancer researchers have been using DNA sequencing technology to identify gene mutations that cause cancer
.
Today, Edward Stites, an assistant professor at the Salk Institute for Biological Research, and his informatics team combine gene mutation information with cancer incidence data to reveal the genetic basis of the entire population of cancer patients in the United States
The research results were published in the journal Nature Communications on October 13, 2021, revealing the common degree of mutations in each gene in the cancer patient population
.
These findings can help guide genetic research and develop more effective treatments
"This paper answers a very basic question: What is the most common mutated gene in human cancer?" Stites said, who is also a doctor
.
"What surprises us is that there was no answer to this question in the past
Gene mutations play an important role in the development and growth of cancer
.
They can also serve as targets for effective treatment
In this new study, Stites' team combined data sets from genomics and epidemiological studies to determine the proportion of each gene mutation in all cancer patients
.
Although the task seemed simple at first, they soon discovered why it is so difficult to answer the question: genomic and epidemiological research does not use a common naming system for various cancers
For example, some researchers classify cancer based on body part, while others classify cancer based on tumor type, and many researchers use a combination of the two
.
This makes it difficult to compare data sets, and data comparison is essential to determine how common different mutations are
To overcome this challenge, the scientists carefully analyzed more than 200 studies and individually reviewed and reclassified each cancer based on a consistent naming system
.
Then they compared the data sets and took into account factors that are more common for certain cancers
When they analyzed the data, they found that some widely circulated views were wrong
.
For example, KRAS is an important oncogene, which is believed to be mutated in 25% of cancers; on the contrary, studies have found that only 10.
Stites said: "These results indicate that it is necessary to reassess where people focus their time, attention and resources
.
We should focus our research efforts on different genetic causes of cancer more evenly, and develop new cancer therapies in a more balanced way.
Development, because the impact of targeting specific mutations will be less than expected
.
"
###
Mendiratta, G.
, Ke, E.
, Aziz, M.
et al.
Cancer gene mutation frequencies for the US population.
Nat Commun 12, 5961 (2021).
https://doi.
org/10.
1038/s41467-021-26213 -y
