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Promelanocortin (POMC) encodes several melanocortin peptides, which are expressed in neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus.
These neurons are activated by the key hormone signals leptin and insulin for caloric balance
.
These hormones also negatively regulate the activity of neurons that release the melanocortin receptor antagonist agouti-related peptide (AgRP)
Existing studies have shown that the effects of α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) and β-MSH on the melatonin receptor MC4R are necessary for the normal control of food intake and energy expenditure
.
Humans (and mice) lacking MC4R are prone to obesity and hyperlipidemia, and their basal energy expenditure is reduced
MC3R is the only other melatonin receptor expressed mainly in the brain
.
According to reports, mice lacking Mc3r have normal reproductive development, normal fertility, no change in food intake, but changes in body composition, high fat ratio, and impaired linear growth
The human genome-wide association study (GWAS) has identified common variants near MC3R, which are associated with adult height and age at menarche
Non-synonymous variants of MC3R and its relationship with phenotype
Non-synonymous variants of MC3R and its relationship with phenotypeResearchers have found that the melatonin receptor MC3R can regulate the time of individual sexual maturity, the rate of linear growth and the accumulation of lean body mass , all of which are energy-sensitive processes
.
The researchers also found that humans with MC3R loss-of-function mutations, including a rare homologous individual, start puberty later
Melatonin receptor MC3R can regulate the time of individual sexual maturity, the rate of linear growth, and the accumulation of lean body mass Melatonin receptor MC3R can regulate the time of individual sexual maturity, the rate of linear growth, and the accumulation of lean body mass carry MC3R function loss Mutated humans, including a rare homologous individual whose puberty starts later .
Therefore, these research results show that the body controls the acquisition and retention of heat through the signal of MC4R, and regulates the distribution of heat during growth, muscle and sexual maturity through the signal of MC3R , thus forming the nutrient-sensing component of the central melanin pathway.
The body controls the acquisition and retention of heat through the signal of MC4R, and regulates the distribution of heat during growth, muscle and sexual maturity through the signal of MC3R.
Original source:
Original source:BYH Lam et al.
BYH Lam et al.
.
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