Nature: The new crown can change the immune system, or cause an excessive immune response

The new coronavirus, which usually infects humans through the respiratory tract, causes damage
to the respiratory system and various organs of the human body.
Since the first outbreak at the end of 2019, the new coronavirus has still ravaged the world, causing a great negative impact
on the world economy and society.

As we all know, acute viral infection has a lasting functional effect on the immune system long after recovery, and after infection with the new crown, will the immune system return to its previous state? Does infection change the way the immune system responds to other viruses?

On January 4, 2023, researchers from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Yale University, published a research paper
titled "Influenza vaccination reveals sex dimorphic imprints of prior mild COVID-19" in the top international journal Nature.

The study showed that after infection with the new crown, even mild symptoms can change the immune status of men, making men respond more strongly to the flu vaccine, indicating that after infection, when faced with other viruses, men trigger a stronger inflammatory response, leading to more pronounced functional changes in the male immune system, even long after recovery
.

In this study, the researchers used a systematic immunological approach to systematically analyze the immune status and response to
influenza vaccination between people who were not infected with the new crown and those who had recovered from mild new crown through influenza vaccination.

In general, after infection with the new crown, the activation characteristics of T cells in recovered patients were increased, and the expression of innate immune genes in monocytes was reduced
.

Among male new crown survivors, the immune systems of men who have recovered from the new crown have responded more strongly to the flu vaccine than healthy men and women after receiving the new crown vaccine
.

Further studies have found that men who have recovered from the new crown will produce more influenza antibodies and produce higher levels of interferon
after vaccination.
In general, healthy women have a stronger interferon response
than men.

Essentially, the researchers said, the baseline immune status of men infected with the new crown changed, which changed the response to
exposure to other viruses.

This was a complete surprise for women, who typically have a stronger overall immune response to viruses and vaccines, but are also more susceptible to autoimmune diseases
.

The study validates earlier findings that men are more likely than women to die from an uncontrolled immune response
after contracting the new coronavirus.

The new study suggests that even mild COVID may trigger a stronger inflammatory response in men in the face of other viruses, leading to more pronounced functional changes in the male immune system, even long after recovery
.

Researchers say that this research is crucial, by understanding the impact of the new crown on the immune system, it can help solve the "long new crown" symptoms caused by the new crown, and may also help scientists develop better vaccines
by simulating the degree of change in the immune baseline of men.

In summary, studies have shown that infection with the new crown changes the immune system, any infection may change the immune status, establish a new immune starting point, and a person's immune status may be determined by a large number of previous infections
.