Nature: The key role of structural cells in the immune response.

Mammalian immune systems fight the invasion of pathogens through precise response mechanisms, the main components of which are immune cells derived from the hematopoietic system, including myelin cells that regulate the inherent immune response and lymphocytes that regulate the acquired immune response.
of course, the immune system's function does not depend solely on these types of cells.
recently, the Christoph Bock research team from Austria published an article in Nature entitled Structural cells are are key key regulators of organ-specific immune responses, in mice 12 tissue organs selected epithelial cells, endothelial cells and fibroblasts, three types of structural cells for study, found that different organs, their immune response is also different, and the need for structural cells and immune cells synergy.
to study the regulation of immune-related genes by different structural cells, the authors selected 12 organs in mice, including the brain, blind intestine, heart, kidney, large intestine, liver, lung, lymph nodes, skin, small intestine, spleen and thymus. After
is prepared as single-cell suspension, endothelial cells, epithelial cells and fibroblasts are isolated by flow cytosis.
the cells obtained are further studied in three ways: first, through RNA-seq, to demonstrate the accessibility of chromatin by using transpostoase to study the high-throughput sequencing technique of chromatin accessibility (ATAC-seq), and third, by chromatic immunoprecipitationetechnology (ChIPmentation) to study the gene-based protein HK4me2-based protrusion and epistemology-based epistemal.
the author's next analysis of the resulting data in several ways.
first, the author analyzed the activation of immune system-related genes in structural cells through RNA sequencing results, and came to the following two conclusions: (1) There is a large amount of interaction between immune cells and structural cells when stable state, and the pattern of interaction depends heavily on the surface molecules and secretion factors of structural cells;
these two conclusions, the immune genes and immune modules in structural cells are most likely the material basis for their cell-specific or organ-specific interactions with immune cells.
second, the authors compared the differences between different cell types and gene regulatory networks in different organs, and also came to several conclusions.
(1) in the same immune gene site, cell type and organ type, its chromatin regulation is also different; of course, there is a kind of core immune gene, such as Ifngr1, in different cells and organs, are characterized as a high degree of chromatin accessibility;
through the above analysis, the authors believe that a core set of genes regulates the immune function of structural cells, while other molecules that show differences in different cell and organ types are the basis for differences in structural cell type types and organ types.
third, epigenetics not only shows the cell state in real time, but also reflects its possible response to different stimuli.
therefore, the authors hypothesize that the activation of immune genes in structural cells can alter the epigenetic spectrum of cells, thus preparing them for external stimuli.
to prove this hypothesis, the authors found a group of genes that express editing relatively low, but whose promoters are highly easily accessible in chromatin, suggesting that such genes are likely to be expressed rapidly under stimulus conditions.
, the authors also found that genes with epigenetic changes in structural cells have immunological functions.
, in comparing the gene expression spectrum and chromatin egotiability in different organs, the authors found that the two indicators in the brain, blind intestines, heart, kidneys, large intestine and skin have a high positive correlation;
, the author studies and analyzes the immune gene activity and regulatory patterns of three types of structural cells from 12 organs by RNA sequencing, chromatin easily enterable sequencing and epigenetic spectrometry.
these regulatory patterns are organ-specific and show a large number of interactions between structural and immune cells.
this work focuses on the activation of immune genes with organ-specific characteristics in several types of structural cells, and specifically demonstrates a high-precision, multi-group combination of research methods involving transcription and epigenetic spectra.
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