Nature Sub-journal review deep interpretation! How can the genomic characteristics of microbiome be used to predict the occurrence and progression of cancer?

May 28, 2020/PRNewswire
BIOON/ -- In a recent review article entitled "Microbiome Genomics for Cancer Prediction" published in the international journal
nature Cancer, scientists from the Weizmann Institute of Science and others discussed how to use thegenomicscharacteristics of the microbiotic series to predict cancerPhoto Source: Adlung, L., Elinav et al.
Nat Cancer
doi:10.1038/s43018-020-0059-
Although cancergenomicscan be a powerful tool to help understand the pathogenesis of cancer and help develop new diagnostic tools, researchers rarely study the key role of vitamin groups in the assessment of cancerdiagnosticand clinical therapy, in which researcher Elinav and others discuss how theof cancer-based can be used to diagnose and different types of cancer scantly researchers have conducted numerous studies in mice and humans that suggest that changes in the microbiome are directly related to the occurrence, development, and response of cancer to therapy, and that a possible link between the host microbiotic synod and cancer pathology is the metabolites produced by microorganisms, which are produced at the local or far end of the tumor, which can systematically flood the host body and affect processes associated with tumor ; It may also create differences between individuals with different microbiomes or exposure to different dietary, drug, or other environmental factors, and the combination of molecules derived from these microbiomes may be beneficial or harmful in the context of cancer or their therapeutic responses, while also providing a specific chemical characteristic of the patient's body, combined with an analysis of the microbial ecosystem, which may provide a new perspective for the patient's personalized intervention Although a comprehensive description of the molecular basis of cancer has focused on changes in the human genome, recent studies have found a link between specific cancer types and specific microbiome blueprints; however, researchers are not well aware of the extent to which this association is linked and its impact on cancer diagnosis , prognosis and treatment
; More than 18,000 tumor samples involving 33 cancer types in the more than 10,000 cancer patients in the TCGA program were analyzed genome-wide and RNA sequencing data, and after rigorous screening and classification, the researchers used microbial DNA sequences in these samples to develop a new algorithm that effectively distinguishes 15 different cancer tissues and normal tissues and categorizes cancer types The researchers were also able to use tissue-based microbiological models to distinguish between stage I and IV cancers, which performed well in colon, stomach and kidney cancers, and in other types of cancer In-depth analysis of samples from cancer patients such as colon cancer can help establish a link between different types of cancer and microbial genetic characteristics, namely, the Gencita genisine in colon cancer, alphapapillomavirus genus in cervical cancer, etc then researchers further studied the use of sequencing data from TCGA blood samples to detect the characteristics of microbial DNA (mbDNA) and to detect whether the new algorithm could predict the presence of different types of cancer; The researchers then compared their findings with existing ctDNA trials, and found that mbDNA could effectively distinguish between cancers in phase Ia and IIc and tumors that did not detect a genome change, thus providing new tools for traditional ctDNA methods Finally, using macro-genome sequencing of cellless DNA taken from plasma samples from the body of an independent clinical cohort, the researchers found that it could distinguish between healthy individuals and cancer patients, as well as prostate and lung cancer patients, and in short, by delving into tumor and circulating mbDNA characteristics, researchers could provide an innovative way to screen cancer patients from healthy individuals and distinguish specific types of cancer, and in some cases identify early and late-stage cancer patients study complements past reports highlighting the importance of microbiomes in cancer, with data from the Human Microbiome Research Program showing changes in the characteristics of microbes in human organisms, in the past Although diet, the environment, the host body genetic factors and early microbial exposure are all causes of this heterogeneity, this diversity remains largely unexplained, and recent studies have shown that bacteria present in different primary cancers, many of which occur in the gastrointestinal tract, affect the prognosis of cancer patients The findings may not be limited to primary tumors, but interestingly, the same bacterial can also be found in metastatic tumors in the same patient, suggesting that primary tumors and metastatic tumors may show the stability of the microbiome between Although researchers still have limited knowledge of the biological functions of microbiomes in cancer, we all know that microbiome affects a patient's therapeutic prognosis and its response to conventional chemotherapy and immunotherapy Photo Source: Adlung, L., Elinav et al.
Nat Cancer doi:10.1038/s43018-020-0059-x
cancer diagnostic of the gold standard technology relies on live tissue examination, followed by a pathologist microscope to examine the patient's cancer genetic analysis usually looks for genetic changes that can help To guide decision-making on targeted therapy programs; liquid biopsy is a new method that can analyze circulating tumor cells, but it is mainly used to monitor cancer patients who have been diagnosed in tumor therapy or postoperative complementary therapy; and the immunoscoring technique developed by researcher Galon et al can determine the risk of recurrence of bowel cancer in early colon cancer patients by measuring the host immune response the site of the tumor To understand the potential clinical implications of using microbial DNA for cancer patients, researchers need to place their findings in the context of current cancer diagnostic and clinical follow-up methods; Analysis of ctDNA can yield evidence; in some cases, researchers are able to correctly classify cancer patients into specific stages, which is superior to other liquid biopsy methods, and studies have shown that mbDNA monitoring can help identify early (still curable) cancer patients and can be used as a quick cancer screening tool Although these findings are very clinical, scientists still have some questions to address, such as whether microbiotic strains can be used to predict the occurrence and progression of cancer, and future studies will need to provide clear evidence to prove the effectiveness of this potentially powerful tool, and another interesting question is whether the characteristics of these microbiomes can really alter the patient's treatment, in which case they can act as a biomarker to indicate the prognosis and monitor Obviously, this approach will require further testing and validation, so later researchers may need some time until the relevant tests have passed regulatory assessment and clinical practice, and later researchers will continue to conduct follow-up studies in larger population swells and different types of cancer patients (biovalleybioon.com) References: Adlung, L., Elinav, E., Greten, T.F et al.
Microbiome genomics for cancer prediction
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Nat Cancer
1, 379-381 (2020)doi:10.1038/s43018-020-0059-x