Nature special issue publishes a series of papers from the TRACERx Alliance that reveal the immune system is key to understanding cancer evolution

, June 7, 2020 /
BioValley
BIOON/--- a series of papers published in the journal Nature change our understanding of how lung cancer evolves over time, especially how the surrounding environment and immune system drive changes in the cancerthese findings from the ground-breaking TRACERx study have changed the way scientists and clinicians think about lung cancer, leading to newclinical trialsand research projects for these hard-to-treattumorpicture from Wikimediathe evolution of cancer is a close reflection of how species evolve through natural selectionAs lung cancer cells proliferate, their DNA mutates, which can help, be harmful, or have no effectBeneficial mutations may make cancer cells resistant to certain treatments, or be able to digest the nutrients needed for cell division more quicklyhowever, observations of the products of such evolution can only provide a part of the pictureFor example, in order to understand the different types of birds in the Galapagos Islands, Charles Darwin needed to consider the different environments in which each type livedThe same is true ofstudy of cancer evolutionYou need to understand your surroundings, the body, in order to understand whytumor evolved and how it evolved this complex challenge is being addressed by the TRACERx Alliance, led by researchers from the Francis Crick Institute and University College London and funded by Cancer Research UK now, the results of the study for the first 100 patients have been compiled in this special issue of the journal Nature The paper found a key to understanding the evolution of tumor
: the immune system Charles Swanton, lead researcher on the TRACERx project, said, "Only by studying complex ecosystems inside and around tumor
s as cancer develops, can we not only observe evolutionary changes themselves, but also the factors that drive them." "
a series of the most important findings made so far by traceRx research are: (1) unstable chromosomes are the driving force for
the diversity of genetic in tumor ; (2) the ability to detect whether the cancer will return within a year before scans reveal cancer, and (3) finding that tumor
s can escape the immune system through different mechanisms; (4) Why some cancer cells develop an unusual phenomenon called genome-wide doubleping; how (5) accurately identify high-risk tumor after surgery; how (6) uses minimally invasive methods based on circulatory tumors DNA to track the spread of disease in the blood; and (7) immune cell response is directed at each tumor the key to developing personalized immunotherapy for torso mutations present in cells with the launch of this special issue, two new papers will be published The first paper, led by researchers at cancer research institute in London, used artificial intelligence to analyse the distribution patterns and prevalence of immune cells in different areas of lung tumors They found that patients with more "immune cold" areas in the of tumors in the lungs were more likely to relapse The research could help doctors predict how patients will respond to certain treatments, and even help develop personalized care the second paper, led by researchers at University College London, found that if a class of immune cells --- T cells --- long-term exposure to tumor , they do not function effectively This is important because T-cells are on the front lines of the body's defenses, destroying cancer cells and signaling other immune cells to activate them against threats Swanton added, "Thanks to many of the scientists involved in the TRACERx study from the Francis Crick Institute, University College London, Cancer Research UK's Manchester Institute and the Cancer Institute, this first set of papers has unlocked a wealth of knowledge about the relationship between non-small cell lung cancer and the immune system, and shows how much we can learn from tracking the evolutionary trajectory of cancer and from diagnosis recurrence." As this research project continues, I hope it will help improve diagnostic and treatment, and ultimately take a practical step towards further improving clinical outcomes through precision medicine (Biological Valley Bioon.com) References: 1.Rachel Rosenthal et al.
Neoantigen-directedee escape in lung cancer evolution Nature, 2019, doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1032-7.
2.Kroopa Joshi et al.
Spatial heterogeneity of the T cell repertoire reflects the ssetal in the lung landscape cancer Nature Medicine, 2019, doi:10.1038/s41591-019-0592-2.
3.Dhruva Biswas et al.
A clonal expression biomarker associates with lung cancer mortality Nature Medicine, 2019, doi:10.1038/s41591-019-0595-z.
4.Francesca Chemi et al.
Pulmony venous circulating seicell cell cell lyon ystod resection y rth relapse Nature Medicine, 2019, doi:10.1038/s41591-019-0593-1.
5 Saioa L?pez et al.
Interplay between whole-genome doubling and the accumulation of deleterious alterations in cancer evolution
Nature Genetics, 2020, doi: 10.1038/s41588-020-0584-7.
6.Ehsan Ghorani et al.
The T cell cell field landscape is shaped by the tumour sydd in lung cancer Nature Cancer, 2020, doi: 10.1038/s43018-020-0066-y.
7 Khalid Abdul Jabbar et al.
Geospatial immune derhodd yn siarcas evolution of the lung adenocarcinoma Nature Medicine, 2020, doi:10.1038/s41591-020-0900-x.
8.Charles Swanton Take lessons from cancer evolution to the Nature, 2020, doi:10.1038/d41586-020-01347-z.
9.Peter Sidaway Tracing evolution reveals new biomarkers Nature Reviews Oncology, 2020, doi: 10.1038/s41571-019-0295-0.
10.Hannah Stower Evading immun e system Nature Medicine, 2019, doi:10.1038/s41591-019-0453-z.
11.Immune system key to understanding cancer evolution