Nature: Scientists reveal new molecular mechanisms that regulate the anti-tumor activity of immune cells!

February 5, 2021 // -- Ovarian cancer patients usually have poor prognostication, most ovarian cancer patients are diagnosed in the late stages of the disease, it is estimated that the five-year survival rate of patients with advanced ovarian cancer is only 40%, which is due to the lack of effective treatment scientists to treat advanced ovarian cancer and cancer recurrence.
current immunotherapy has some potential to treat many types of cancer, but many studies have shown that ovarian cancer patients do not react strongly to current drugs.
, in a recent study published in the international journal Nature, scientists from the Moffitt Cancer Research Center and others revealed why some ovarian cancer patients evolved better than others, and researchers suggested technology that could improve patient prognostication.
immunotherapy drugs activate the body's immune T cells to fight tumor cells; they are currently approved to treat many different types of cancer and have largely changed the standard treatment and prognostics of cancer patients; however, in ovarian cancer, clinical trials using immunotherapy to stimulate the body's T-cell function appear to have produced only a moderate response rate.
the study showed that cancer patients with large numbers of other immune cells in the body (pulp cells, memory B cells, etc.) responded better to immunotherapy, but it is not clear whether these cell types will give patients a better prognostic prognostic.
picture source: Nephron/Wikipedia. CC BY-SA 3.0 researchers wanted to study whether the antibodies produced by these cells were directly related to a patient's better prognostication and assess how these cells promote the body's spontaneous anti-tumor immune response against ovarian cancer. In the
article, the researchers analyzed a group of 534 samples from a group of ovarian cancer patients and found that patients with higher levels of B-cell immersion or B-cell-derived plasma cells tended to have good prognostics; Special immune cells, which also express one of class 5 B cells on the surface, namely IgM, IgD, IgG, IgE, or IgA, which regulate different B-cell signaling path paths and control B-cell processes.
surprised the researchers when they analyzed the samples further and found that the antibodies produced by B cells and plasma cells were mainly IgA subsypes, followed by IgG subsypes.
. Joseph Conejo-Garcia, M.D., said: 'We found that the presence of IgA regulates downstream signaling path paths for ovarian cancer cells, in particular, IgA can cause THES signaling pathstreams to be suppressed, thereby promoting ovarian cancer.
RAS signaling pathster inhibition makes tumor cells sensitive to T-cell-mediated cell killers, which are produced by new CAR-T cell nucleocyte-infected lymphocytes, and the researchers analyzed the ability of B cells to identify markers on the surface of specific ovarian cancer tumor cells and stimulate other immune cells called myelin cells to target ovarian cancer cells to destroy them.
The results may help explain how the immune system's parts regulate the progression of ovarian cancer and provide new opportunities to help develop improved targeted therapies, including the use of all tumor-derived antibodies as new immunotherapy preparations, and this study provides a mechanism basis for the development of new immunotherapy, which so far has been based on T-cell-centric strategies.
Subir Biswas, a researcher, said the results of this study show that the use of immunotherapy may enhance the coordinated response of the body's B-cell nuclear T-cells against ovarian cancer, which is also a immunogenic disease that is resistant to checkpoint inhibitors, which often show better disease treatment.
() Original source: Subir Biswas, Gunjan Mandal, Kyle K. Payne, et al. IgA transcytosis and antigen recognition govern ovarian cancer immunity, Nature (2021). DOI:10.1038/s41586-020-03144-0